改善阳坡局地小气候与造林成活率

本文是根据1982—1985年在太岳山林区用L_θ(3~4)正交表先后按排的200亩阳坡造林试验资料进行的分析,得到了以早春、水平沟、侧柏组合的阳坡造林最佳方案。水平沟可使太阳辐射比阳坡自然坡减弱22.6％,降低地温2.9—3.6℃,减少地表蒸发耗热量85％,提高土壤湿度4.6％,接近于阴坡小气候生态坏境,从而使造林成活率达到85％以上,保存率93.8％,苗木生长量比常规造林增长57.6％。此外,由于每亩设计造林坑数的蓄水量与当地最大持续降水量一致,在试验区没有水土流失现象,且植被覆盖度由30％增至70％,改善了生态坏境。

IMPROVEMENT OF THE MICROCLIMATE AND THE SURVIVAL RATE OF AFFORESTATION ON THE SOUTH-FACING SLOPE

This paper states the analysis of the data which was collected from the afforestation experiment on the south-facing slope, 200 mu of lands in Taiyue forest area. The results shows that the best one is the afforcstation plan cmposed of early spring, level-ditch and oriental arb-orvilae. Obviously it must be done on the south-facing slope. In the level-ditch, the solar radiation 22.6% lower than that on the natural south hillside, the ground temperature 2.9-3.6℃ lower, the heat consumed with the evaporation at the earth's surface rduces by 85%, soil humidity increases by 4.6% and there it approaches to the microclimatic conditions on the northfacing slope. So the survival rate of afforestation over 85%, preservation rate 93.8%, seedling-growth amount 55% but the cost increases by 50% or so.