长期定位施肥对菜田土壤有效铁及相关因素影响

利用田间试验研究了长期定位施用有机肥和氮、磷、钾化肥对菜田土壤有效铁含量及相关因素的影响。结果表明:长期施用氮肥会提高土壤中有效铁含量,随着氮肥用量的增加,土壤中有效铁含量增加。不施有机肥组(即B组)3个N水平处理BN2、BN1、BN0土壤有效铁含量分别为141.2mg·kg-1、67.3mg.kg-1和32.1mg·kg-1,三者之间的差异达极显著水平;施有机肥组(即A组)3个N水平处理AN2、AN1、AN0土壤有效铁含量分别为79.7mg·kg-1、48.5mg·kg-1和27.6mg·kg-1,三者之间的差异也达极显著水平;但配施有机肥后土壤有效铁含量降低。其主要原因是氮肥能够降低土壤pH值,而且随着氮肥用量的增加,土壤酸化程度增强。而长期施用有机肥则对土壤的酸碱性具有缓冲作用,有机肥与化肥配施比单施化肥土壤pH值有所提高,但提高的幅度不大。施有机肥极显著地提高了土壤全碳、全氮含量,在配施有机肥情况下,氮肥用量的增加并不会明显地改善土壤有机质和全氮水平。土壤有效铁含量与土壤全碳含量及pH呈负相关关系,其中与pH的相关性达极显著水平,而与土壤全氮含量相关性不明显。

Effect of Long-term Fertilization on Soil Available Fe and Related Factors in Protected Cultivation

Results of a long-term fertilization experiment in Shenyang Agricultural University which started in 1988 to measure soil available Fe and related factors were Ebtained.The Fe availability of vegetable soil decreased by long-term applying manure,and increased by N fertilizer.The contents of available Fe increased with the increasement of N because N could reduce soil pH and soil acidification was enhanced with the raised N rates.Long-term applying manure played a buffer action on soil acidity,i.e.,soil pH of combinations of manure and fertilizers was higher than that of no manure,but the increments were lower.Manure could increase significantly the contents of total C and N at 1% level compared with no manure.The relationship between soil available Fe and total C or pH was significantly negative correlation at 5% and 1% level,respectively.But there was not clear correlation between soil available Fe and total N.