湖南长沙棉田节肢动物群落特征、动态及优势种生态位

为了给棉田主要害虫防治及自然天敌保护和利用提供依据,作者系统调查研究了湖南长沙转基因棉田节肢动物群落结构、消长动态和时空生态位。结果表明:长沙转基因棉田群落结构较丰富,有节肢动物11目20科33种。棉田主要害虫有棉叶蝉、小绿叶蝉、朱砂叶螨、棉蚜及烟粉虱;主要天敌有八斑鞘腹蛛、鳞纹肖蛸、龟纹瓢虫、六点食螨蓟马和日本通草蛉。6月上旬前重点防治朱砂叶螨和蚜虫,7月中旬重点防治小绿叶蝉和棉叶蝉。八斑鞘腹蛛和六点食螨蓟马是前期优势天敌,鳞纹肖蛸是中后期优势天敌。鳞纹肖蛸、龟纹瓢虫和日本通草蛉的时空生态位宽度均较大,应加以保护利用。

Characteristics, dynamics and niche of insect community in cotton fields in Changsha of Hunan Province

A systematic investigation on organizational level, population dynamics and spatio-temporal niche of arthropod community was carried out in the cotton fields of Changsha, Hunan Province to provide a basis for the pest control and protection and utilization of their natural enemies. The results showed that the community structure was complex, which covered an overall of 33 species in 20 families and 11 orders. The main pests in the fields of genetically modified cottons were Amrasca biguttula, Empoasca flavescens, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Aphis gossypii and Bemisia tabaci, and their natural enemies were Coleosoma octomaculatum, Tetragnatha squamata, Propylea japonica, Scolothrips sexmaculatus and Chrysoperla nipponensis. T.cinnabarinus and A.gossypii should be controlled before June, and E.flavescens and A.biguttula in mid-July. C.octomaculatum and S.sexmaculatus were dominant enemies in the early period, whereas T.squamata in the middle and late periods. T.squamata, P.japonica and C.nipponensis should be protected and utilized due to their wide spatio-temporal niche.