An evaluation of genetic diversity indices of the Red Bororo and White
Fulani cattle breeds with different molecular markers and their implications for current and future improvement options |
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Authors: | E M Ibeagha-Awemu G Erhardt |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Ludwigstrasse 21b, D-35390 Giessen, Germany |
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Abstract: | The genetic diversity of the Red Bororo and White Fulani cattle breeds of Cameroon and Nigeria was assessed with a panel of
32 markers. Estimates for the various indices of genetic diversity, total number of alleles (TNA), mean observed number of
alleles (MNA), mean effective number of alleles (MNE), observed heterozygosity (H
ob) and expected heterozygosity (H
ex), were higher at microsatellite loci than at protein loci. Mean H
ex values were above 71% at microsatellite loci in all the breeds and ranged from 37% to 41.6% at milk protein loci and from
40.9% to 45.6% at blood protein loci. The highest TNA and MNA of microsatellites were recorded for the Nigerian White Fulani.
MNE of milk protein loci was highest in the Cameroonian Red Bororo, while TNA of blood protein loci was highest in the Cameroonian
White Fulani. The high genetic diversity levels indicate the presence of the necessary ingredients for improvement breeding
and conservation. Multi-locus estimates of within-population inbreeding (f), total inbreeding (F) and population differentiation (θ) of the breeds were significantly different from zero, except for θ of blood proteins.
A high level of gene flow was found between the breeds (5.829). The phylogenetic relationship existing among the four breeds
is greatly influenced by location. The high gene flow between the breeds may lead to a loss of genetic diversity through genetic
uniformity and a reduction in opportunities for future breed development. We propose an improvement scheme with aims to prevent
loss of genetic diversity, improve productivity and reduce uncontrolled genetic exchanges between breeds. |
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Keywords: | Genetic diversity Genetic markers African cattle Improvement scheme |
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