水稻三系杂交种子形态鉴定的研究

对三系杂交稻５个保持系及其１２～１５个杂交组合的种子，分别进行谷粒性状、柱头夹持率和花药遗迹的测定，结果是：同组合保持系和不育系的系列杂交种之谷粒性状相吻合，属该保持系的核遗传型；杂交种（或不育系）柱头夹持率高达５０％以上，且远比同组合的保持系高，属不育系异交种性和喷施９２０等影响的结果；花药遗迹是判定种子来源于自交或异交的依据，用砻米机剥壳收集种子，其花药遗迹可分为：雄性不育型（Ａ型）、雄性可育型（Ｂ型）和介于二者之间的染败型（Ｃ型），按所占数量计算Ａ型、Ｂ型和Ｃ型的百分率，能有效地鉴定不育系（或杂交种）种子真实性和纯度

STUDIES ON MORPHOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF SEEDS OF THREE-LINE HYBRID RICE

Grain characters, rate of clipped stigma and anther traces of three-line hybrid seeds and presering line seeds were determined. The results of the determination of 20 materials showed:Grain characters are genetically controlled by nuclear genes from the maintainer, which results in same phenotypes among the sterile line, maintainer and hybrid in the same hybrid combination. Therefore, Grain character identification on seed reality and purity could be made through ordinary procedures. The rate of clipped stigma was over 50% in the sterile line and hybrid, 2 times higher than that of the maintainer of the same Combination. Stigma stretched out of glumes due to the heterogomy habit owned by the sterile line and the hybrid plant. The rate of clipped stigma could be raised significantly by spraying gibberellin 920 at the flowering stage. When glumes closed after flowering, anther races would occur inside glumes. According to the colour, shape and central line of anther portition, the anther traces could be divided into type A (male-sterile type); type B (male-fertile type); and type C (stainable sterile type) which appeared between type A and B. The seed reality and purity of the sterile line (or the hybrid) could be efficiently examined by collecting anther races after removing the glumes by rice processor and calculating the percentages of type A. B and C.