Protective effect of autophagy on nucleus pulposus cells under starvation

AIM: To explore the possibility that the starvation environment induces autophagy of nucleus pulposus cells. METHODS: Primary rat nucleus pulposus cells was cultured and stained with toluidine blue, Alcian blue and immunocytochemistry for typeⅡ collagen. The cultured cells were divided into 4 groups: control group, 3-methyladenine (3-MA)+DMEM group, 3-MA+EBSS group and EBSS group. The cells were detected for autophay using monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining, electron microscopy and Western blotting. At the same time, the inhibitory rate and apoptotic rate of the cells were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) assay and TUNEL staining, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the autophagosomes were observed in nucleus pulposus cells under electron microscope and fluorescence microscope in EBSS group, and the 3-MA+EBSS treatment suppressed the formation of autophagosomes. The results of Western blotting analysis showed that the ratios of LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1/β-actin in EBSS treatment group were higher than those in control group and 3-MA+EBSS treatment group. However, the apoptotic rate of nucleus pulposus cells and the inhibitory rate of cell viability were increased in 3-MA+EBSS treatment group. CONCLUSION: Autophagy of nucleus pulposus cells is induced by nutrient starvation, and 3-MA suppresses the response. Autophagy may have a protective effect on nucleus pulposus cells under the condition of starvation.