青贮饲料中霉菌毒素的产生、毒性作用及脱毒研究进展

青贮饲料是反刍动物日粮中重要的组成部分,但青贮饲料在收获前、发酵期间及青贮完成后都会受到多种霉菌毒素污染。反刍动物摄入霉菌毒素后会对其健康和生产性能产生不利影响,并对食品安全及人类健康构成威胁。青贮饲料中优势霉菌包括镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、青霉属(Penicillium)和链格孢属(Alternaria)真菌,所产生的主要霉菌毒素包括单端孢霉烯族毒素、伏马菌素、玉米赤霉烯酮、黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素、蓝酪霉菌毒素、霉酚酸和麦角生物碱等。本文将对上述毒素在青贮饲料中的产生、影响、预防和脱毒的方法进行简要综述,以期为生产优质青贮饲料提供理论支持。

Production,toxicity and detoxification of mycotoxins in silage

Silage,especially whole plant corn silage,is the most important part of ruminant diet,but it will be polluted by many mycotoxins before harvest,during storage and after silage.After ingesting mycotoxins,ruminants will have serious adverse effects on their health and production performance,and pose a great threat to food safety and human health.The results showed that Fusarium,Aspergillus,Penicillium and Alternaria were the dominant fungi in silage,and the main mycotoxins included mycotoxins,fumonisin,zearalenone,aflatoxin,ochratoxin,cyanotoxin,mycophenolic acid,ergot alkaloids and others a variety of toxins.In this paper,the production,influence,prevention and detoxification of the above toxins in silage were briefly reviewed in order to provide theoretical support and technical guidance for the production of high-quality silage in ruminant feeding.