饲喂水平和水温对鲤鱼生长性能和机体组成的影响

本研究开展了3个独立试验，旨在评估不同水温条件下，饲喂水平对鲤鱼生长性能、形态学指标及体组成的影响。3个试验的饲养水温分别为18、20和22℃，每个试验均选择体重为（15.83±1.02）g的鲤鱼800条，随机分为4组，每组4个重复，每个重复50条。4个处理组鲤鱼的饲喂水平分别为体重的2.5%、3%、3.5%和4%，整个试验持续28?d。结果：在水温为18℃条件下，T4组鲤鱼的增重、特定生长率和存活率显著高于T1和T2组（P＜0.05），而T3组饲料效率及蛋白效率显著高于其他组（P＜0.05）。水温在20℃时，T4组鲤鱼增重、特定生长率和存活率显著高于其他组（P＜0.05），但T3组饲料效率和蛋白效率最高（P＜0.05）。水温在22℃时，各处理组鲤鱼存活率无显著差异（P＞0.05），T3组饲料效率和蛋白效率最高（P＜0.05）。水温在18℃条件下，T2～T4组鲤鱼机体粗蛋白质含量显著高于T1组（P＜0.05），而T3和T4组鲤鱼机体粗脂肪含量显著高于其他两组（P＜0.05）。水温在20和22℃时，T3和T4组鲤鱼机体粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量显著高于T1和T2组（P＜0.05）。水温在18℃时，T1组鲤鱼外形指数、肝体指数和内脏指数均最低（P＜0.05），而T2组血清容积最高（P＜0.05）。水温在20℃时，T3和T4组鲤鱼的肝脏和内脏指数均显著高于其他两组（P＜0.05）。水温在22℃时，T1组鲤鱼外形指数、肝体指数和内脏指数均最低（P＜0.05）。结论：在本试验条件下，20℃的水温、饲喂水平为3%～4%可以改善鲤鱼的生长、形态和体组成。 关键词]饲喂速度|水温|鲤鱼|生长性能|机体组成

Effects of feeding levels and water temperature on growth performance and body composition of carp

In this study,three independent experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding level on growth performance,morphological indexes and body composition of carp under different water temperature conditions.The feeding water temperature of the 3 experiments was 18,20 and 22℃,respectively.800 carps weighing(15.83±1.02)g were selected for each experiment and randomly divided into 4 groups,with 4 replicates in each group and 50 carp in each replicate.Carp in the four treatment groups were fed at 2.5%,3%,3.5%and 4%of body weight,respectively,for 28 days.Results:under the temperature of 18℃,the weight gain,specific growth rate and survival rate of carps in T4 group were significantly higher than those in T1 and T2 groups(P<0.05),while the feed efficiency and protein efficiency of T3 group were significantly higher than those of other groups(P<0.05).When the water temperature was 20℃,the weight gain,specific growth rate and survival rate of carps in T4 group were significantly higher than those in other groups(P<0.05),but the feed efficiency and protein efficiency were the highest in T3 group(P<0.05).When the water temperature was 22℃,the survival rate of carps in each treatment group were not significantly different(P>0.05),while the feed efficiency and protein efficiency of T3 group were the highest(P<0.05).Under the temperature of 18℃,the crude protein content of carps body in T2-T4 group were significantly higher than that in T1 group(P<0.05),while the crude fat content of carps body in T3 and T4 groups were significantly higher than that of the other two groups(P<0.05).When the water temperature were 20 and 22℃,the contents of crude protein,crude fat and crude ash in T3 and T4 groups were significantly higher than those in T1 and T2 group(s P<0.05).When the water temperature were 18℃,the appearance index,liver body index and viscera index of carps in T1 group showed the lowest(P<0.05),while the serum volume of Carp in T2 group showed the highest(P<0.05).When the water temperature was 20℃,the hepatosomatic and visceralsomatic index indexes of carps in T3 and T4 groups were significantly higher than those in the other two groups(P<0.05).When the water temperature was 22℃,the appearance index,liver body index and viscera index of carps in T1 group were the lowest(P<0.05).Conclusion:the growth,morphology and body composition of carps could be improved at the temperature of 20℃and feeding level of 3%~4%.