Z-Directional distribution of fiber orientation of Japanese and western papers determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy |
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Authors: | Toshiharu Enomae Yoon-Hee Han Akira Isogai |
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Institution: | (1) Paper Science Laboratory, Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;(2) Present address: National Archives and Records Service, Daejeon, 302-701, Republic of Korea |
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Abstract: | Confocal laser scanning microscopy was applied to visualize inside fibers stained with a fluorescent dye, and the fiber orientation
distribution in the thickness direction was determined by image analysis from optically sliced images. Fiber orientation angle
and anisotropy were determined by the fast Fourier transform method, which holds advantages over the conventionally applied
Hough transform with regard to evaluation of fiber width-weighted contribution and intrafiber segmental contribution. An orthogonally
layered Japanese paper handmade by the flow-sheet forming method resulted in a clear change of fiber orientation angle from
0° to 90°. Machine-made wood-containing printing paper showed the highest anisotropy, while copier paper showed a low anisotropy.
Thick papers like the wood-free paperboard and recycled packaging board showed that the maximum measured thickness was about
150 μm. The depth limit to detect fluorescence was considered to depend on the apparent density of the paper and the light absorption
character of the fibers.
Part of this study was presented at the 54th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Sapporo, Japan, August 2004 |
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Keywords: | Confocal laser scanning microscopy Fiber orientation Handmade paper Washi Fourier transform |
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