环境温度对收获甘蔗贮藏品质的影响

【目的】收获后原料蔗的蔗糖分损失是糖业的主要问题之一。通过评价印度亚热带地区榨季期间原料蔗在冬季和夏季不同月份的蔗糖分损失程度,为糖业生产提供参考。【方法】对收获后的贮藏原料蔗进行3种处理：T-1,直接堆放,无任何遮盖物,作为对照;T-2,贮藏期间洒水、并覆盖一厚层蔗叶;T-3：用氯化苯甲烃铵（杀藻胺）＋硅酸钠溶液对堆放蔗茎进行处理后,覆盖一厚层蔗叶。根据不同时间间隔的蔗茎品质参数包括蔗汁转光度、纯度、转化糖、酸性转化酶和甘蔗蔗糖分（商品蔗糖,CCS）来估测贮藏蔗茎的蔗糖分损失。【结果】随着外界环境温度的升高,甘蔗蔗糖分损失增加;蔗茎收获后240h,甘蔗蔗糖分在1月的损失量（2.27个单位）明显低于4月（5.29个单位）。对照的蔗汁纯度下降幅度明显大于其他两个处理;采用药剂处理的蔗茎还原糖增加量最小,明显小于对照。在夏季和冬季不同月份的蔗茎转化酶活性具有明显差异,在高温条件下,蔗茎酸性转化酶活性急剧升高,且以对照高于其他两个处理。【结论】使用氯化苯甲烃铵（杀藻胺）和硅酸钠配方处理收获贮藏的蔗茎,可减少蔗糖分的转化和损失,并抑制酸性转化酶活性。

Effect of ambient temperature on the storage quality of harvested sugarcane

Objective]Sucrose loss after harvest of cane is one of the major problems of sugar industry. Studies were directed to assess the magnitude of sucrose losses during winter and summer month of cane milling in sub-tropical India.Method]The harvested stored cane were treated with three methods, viz., T-I: heap kept in open, used as control; T-2:sprinkled with water and covered with thick layers of trash; T-3: heap treated with benzalkonium chloride + sodium metasilicate and covered with thick layer of trash). Sucrose losses in the harvested stored cane were assessed at different time intervals using quality parameters, viz., Pol% juice, purity, invert sugar, acid invertase and commercial cane sugar (CCS). Result]The loss in CCS increased with the rise in ambient temperature, and showed the lower in the month of January (2.27 unit) compared to April (5.29 units) after 240 h of harvest. The decline in purity in the control was much higher than that in treated cane, and the increase of reducing sugar due to inversion in chemically treated cane was minimum as compared to non treated ones. There was appreciable difference in the activity of invertase during summer and winter months, and the activity of acid invertase increased sharply at high temperature and this increase was higher in untreated cane as compared to treated one. Conclusion]Application of a chemical formulation containing benzalkonium chloride and sodium metasilicate on the harvested stored cane minimized deterioration and loss in CCS as well as suppressed acid invertase activity.