凡纳滨对虾良种培育研究进展

凡纳滨对虾是世界养殖范围最广、产量最高的三大对虾之一,其良种培育对发展对虾养殖产业具有重要现实意义。文章从遗传育种、分子标记辅助育种、细胞工程育种、基因工程育种、种间杂交等方面,总结分析了凡纳滨对虾良种培育的理论和实践,并针对当前凡纳滨对虾良种培育存在基础研究落后于应用研究、多性状复合育种尚未取得关键性突破、育种工艺不足、种质资源匮乏、数量遗传学应用不够等问题,提出在改良和培育遗传性状稳定的优良品种时,灵活运用多学科知识和多种现代科学技术,即高新技术与常规选择育种相互配合的综合育种技术,是今后凡纳滨对虾新品种培育技术发展的必然趋势。

Advances in breeding improved varieties of Litopenaeus vannamei

Litopenaeus vannamei is one of the three shrimps, produced most extensively with highest yield in the world, therefore, breeding for improved varieties has great significance to enhance the sustaining production of L. vannamei. This paper reviews the researches carried out for breeding improved varieties of L. vannamei, with special reference to genetic breeding, molecular marker-assisted selection breeding, cell engineering breeding, genetic engineering, and interspecies breeding. For decades, many problems have been faced in breeding improved varieties of L. vannamei in China, viz., no critical breakthrough in multi-traits breeding, lack of germplasm resources and breeding technology, no enough application of quantitative genetics, absence of basic researches, etc. Therefore, it has been suggested to develop a comprehensive breeding technology with combination of advanced technologies and conventional breeding methods to improve existing varieties and breed the new ones.