喜马拉雅山珠峰段蚂蚁群落研究

为全面揭示喜马拉雅山蚂蚁多样性规律,采用样地调查法研究了珠峰段海拔5260~1840m范围的蚂蚁群落结构。观察蚁科Formicidae昆虫22796头,经鉴定隶属于3亚科、14属、23种,发现中国新记录种3个:阿富汗红蚁Myrmica afghanica Radchenko&Elmes、阿氏红蚁M.alperti Elmes&Radchenko、帕氏红蚁M.pachei Forel。结果显示珠峰段蚂蚁群落中发现优势种2个(樱花帕拉蚁Paraparatrechina sakurae(Ito)和光亮黑蚁Formica candida Smith,占物种数的8.70%),常见种11个(占物种数的47.83%),稀有种10个(占物种数的43.48%),丰富的稀有种提升了该地区生物多样性保护价值。珠峰段北坡和山间谷地的蚂蚁群落相似性较大,与南坡的蚂蚁群落差异显著。北坡和山间谷地海拔较高,属于古北界范围,蚂蚁物种贫乏;南坡海拔跨度大,分属于古北、东洋两界,蚂蚁物种丰富。说明蚂蚁群落结构主要受气温影响,海拔高差决定蚂蚁群落的物种丰富度。本研究在珠峰段记载蚂蚁23种,其中发现中国新记录种3个、西藏新记录种4个、待定种5个,丰富和完善了喜马拉雅山蚂蚁多样性研究。

Ant community composition at Mount Everest section of Mt. Himalaya

In order to reveal ant diversity regularity of Mt.Himalaya,ant community compositionat Mount Everest section of Mt.Himalaya between the altitude range 5 260~1 840 m was investigated through sample-plot method.A total of 22 796 individuals of Formicidae were observed,23 speciesbelonging to 3 subfamilies and 14 genera were recognized.Three species,Myrmica afghanica Radchenko & Elmes,M.alperti Elmes & Radchenko and M.pachei Forel are the new records in China.The results show that 2 dominant species( Paraparatrechina sakurae (Ito)and Formica candida Smith,occupying 8.70%),11 common species (occupying 47.83%) and 10 rare species (occupying 43.48%) are found in the ant community at Mount Everest section.The rich rare species haveincreased the protection value of biodiversity in the area.The similarity between ant communities of north slope and mountain valley is relatively higher at Mount Everest section,and significantly different from the community of south slope.The north slope and mountain valley have relatively higher altitude,which belonging to Palaearctic region and poor in ant species.In contrast,the south slope has a wide range of altitude,which belonging to Palaearctic and Oriental region and rich in ant species.It means that ant communities are mainly influenced by air temperature,species richness of ant communities is constricted by altitude.This study recorded 23 ant species including 3 new record species in China,4 new record species in Tibet,and 5 unidentified species at Mount Everest section,which enriches and perfects the ant diversity research of Mt.Himalaya.