豫东潮土长期定位施肥对设施番茄肥料利用率的影响

通过8年9个不同施肥方式处理的定位试验,研究了大棚番茄对氮磷钾肥的当季和累积利用率。结果表明:在施氮量相同的情况下,常量施用有机肥配合化肥的处理(MNPK)番茄肥料利用率最高,N,P,K利用率分别为60.0%,29.8%,50.3%。氮肥利用率大小顺序为:MNPK(有机无机肥配合)>NPK(氮磷钾化肥)>NP(氮磷配合,不施钾肥)>1.5MNPK(高量有机无机肥配合)>NK(氮钾肥配合,不施磷肥)>N(单施氮肥,不施磷钾肥)。养分不均衡处理N,NK,PK(磷钾配合,不施氮肥)对肥料的利用率最低。磷肥的当季利用率要小于氮肥利用率,8年中有一定的累加效应。磷肥利用率大小顺序为MNPK>NPK>NP>1.5MNPK>PK。钾肥利用率大小顺序为MNPK>1.5MNPK>NPK>NK>PK。肥料用量愈大,肥料利用率愈低,MNPK处理的肥料使用量是1.5MNPK处理的67%,而该处理的N,P,K的平均当季利用率分别是1.5MNPK处理的1.5倍、1.6倍、1.2倍。

Long-term Effect of Location Fertilization on Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency of Protected Tomato in Fluvor Aquic Soil in the East of Henan Province

Nine different kinds of fertilization methods in fluvor aquic soil were carried out to research the N/P/K's utility in the right season and the following seasons by protected tomato in the east of Henan province for 8 years.The results showed that at the same nitrogen concentration,the utility of the fertilizer with manure was the highest,the N/P/K's utility were 60.0%,29.8% and 50.3%,respectively.The fertilizer utilization efficiency(FUE) of different treatments ordered: MNPK(fertilizers with manure)>NPK(nitrogen,phosphate and potash fertilizes together) >NP(nitrogen and phosphate fertilizes,without potash fertilizer)>1.5MNPK(high rate of fertilizers with manure>NK(nitrogen and potash fertilizes,without phosphate fertilizer>N(nitrogen fertilizer alone).In nutrient unbalanced fertilization treatments(N,NK,PK),the FUE were the lowest.The PFUE was less than that NFUE in the right season,and there were accumulation effects during the 8 years.The PFUE of different treatments ordered MNPK>NPK>NP>1.5MNPK>PK(phosphate and potash fertilizes,without nitrogen fertilizer).The KFUE ordered MNPK>1.5MNPK>NPK>NK>PK.With the increase of the amount of manure and fertilizer applied,the FUE decreased.The NFUE,PFUE and KFUE in 1.5MNPK treatment were 1.5,1.6 and 1.2 times of that in MNPK treatment,but the amount of fertilizer were only 67% of that in the treatment of 1.5MNPK.