设施草莓生产破垄、起垄关键环节机械化作业对比试验

针对目前京郊草莓生产关键环节缺少适宜机具的问题,选用2台草莓破垄机具、3台草莓起垄机具,分别开展草莓机械化破垄与人工对比试验以及草莓机械化起垄与人工对比试验,通过检测破垄作业后碎土率、地表平整度以及起垄作业后土垄横截面尺寸、土垄垄形一致性以及土壤容重变化率等指标,明确适宜京郊草莓种植应用的农机装备。试验结果表明：破垄机械化作业效率大概是人工的14倍,人工成本大约是机械化的13倍,机械化碎土率达到90%以上,是人工碎土率的2倍。起垄机械化作业与人工作业土壤垄型一致性都能达到93%以上;从土壤紧实度上看,YT8-K30型、K802P型起垄机所起土垄较实,未出现塌垄现象;从作业效率来看,同一种农机设备东西作业比南北作业效率高。综合来看,YT8-K30型和K802P型草莓起垄机所起的土垄在高度、宽度、紧实度等方面能够完全满足京郊草莓的农艺种植要求,同时机型适宜日光温室进出、作业,且除机手外基本不需要额外的人工辅助,对于提高作业效率、减少生产成本、减轻作业强度等方面具有显著作用。

Comparative Experiment on Mechanization of Key Process of Ridge-breaking and Ridge-raising for Strawberry Production in Facilities

Abstract: In response to the current lack of suitable machinery and tools in the key process of strawberry production in the suburbs of Beijing, two strawberry ridge-breaking machines and three strawberry ridge-raising machines were selected to conduct comparative experiments on mechanized and manual strawberry ridge breaking, as well as comparative experiments on mechanized and manual strawberry ridge-raising. By testing indicators such as rate of soil pulverization, surface flatness after the ridge-breaking operation, and the cross-sectional size of the ridge, consistency of ridge shape and change rate of soil volumetric weight after ridge-raising operation, the suitable agricultural machinery equipment for strawberry planting in the suburbs of Beijing was identified. The results showed that the ridge-breaking efficiency of mechanization was about 14 times that of manual, and the manual cost was about 13 times that of mechanization. The rate of soil pulverization by machinery reached more than 90%, which was twice that of manual. The consistency of ridge shape between mechanized and manual operation of ridgeraising could both reach more than 93%. From the perspective of soil compaction, the soil ridges raised by YT8-K30 and K802P were relatively firm and no collapse of ridge occurred. From the perspective of operational efficiency, the same type of agricultural machinery equipment operates more efficiently from east to west than from north to south. From a comprehensive point of view, the ridges raised by the YT8-K30 and K802P strawberry ridge-raising machines could fully meet the agricultural planting requirements of strawberries in the suburbs of Beijing in terms of height, width and compactness. Meanwhile, the machines were suitable for entering and working in greenhouses, and did not require additional manual assistance except for the machine operator, which played a significant role in improving work efficiency, reducing production costs and reducing operation intensity.