Die Nutzung der Antherenkulturmethode im Zuchtprozeß von Winterweizen

Anther culture in the breeding process of winter wheat. I. Ability of 1B—-1R wheat-rye translocation forms for androgenesis 45 winter wheat varieties or F₁ hybrids, F₂ populations and lines with 1B—1R wheat-rye translocation were tested for their anther culture ability. A total of 48058 anthers was cultured on Potato-2 medium. When averaged over all genotypes and the two experimental years frequencies of embryoid formation of 5.4—6.8 per 100 anthers were observed. Plant regeneration efficiency from embryoids ranged from 5.3—9.1 % or a mean of 4—5 green plants per 1000 anthers plated. The results confirmed the preferential regeneration frequency of gametes with the 1BL—1RS chromosome compared to the gametes with the 1BL—IBS chromosome. Multiple peroxidase were used as marker. The effect of cold pretreatment or of media on the androgenetic response and productivity was not important. On the contrary the variability between the anther response from single ears of the same genotype was noticeable. Examples are presented for the transferability of the androgenetic ability to breeding material. Most green plants obtained were haploid or spontaneous doubled haploid. By cloning it was guaranteed, that progenies were obtained from most of the haploids after colchicine treatment.