绿色荧光蛋白及其在植物分子生物学中的应用

绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein，GFP)是源于海洋生物多管水母属(Aequoria Victoria)的一种发光蛋白，能够自身催化形成生色团并在蓝光或紫外光激发下发出绿色荧光，能在活细胞内稳定表达。GFP的荧光反应不需要任何底物及辅助因子，使表达检测非常简单。同时，GFP在细胞中呈自主表达，没有细胞种类、位置和种属的特异性。GFP对受体细胞无毒性，对目的基因没有影响。因而可以很方便的对活体进行观察，来研究GFP基因的表达。由于GFP对光漂白、氧化剂、还原剂、酸、碱以及其它许多化学试剂具有极强的稳定性，因此，GFP作为报告基因可用来监测转基因的表达、信号转导、蛋白运输与定位等。本文对GFP基础理论研究及在植物分子生物学中的应用作了综述。

Green Fluorescent Protein and Its Application in Plant Molecular Biology

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a kind of luminescence protein originated from Aequoria Victoria. This protein can catalyze itself into chromophores, and it emits green fluorescent when exposed to blue light or ultravoilet light. It can be expressed stably in live cells. As GFP fluorescent reaction does not need any substrate or accessory factors, it is very easy to detect foreign genes expression. Meanwhile GFP is expressed independently in cells regardless of the sort they belong to, the location, or their specific species, GFP is nontoxic to the receptors and has no influence on interesting gene expression. So, we can study conveniently GFP gene expressed by observing live cell. Since GFP has strong stability in photobleaching, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, and many other chemical agents, GFP can be used as a reporter gene to monitor transgenic expression, singal transduction, protein transportation and localization. In this paper we reviewed the basic research of GFP and its application in plant molecular biology.