黑河绿洲新垦沙地农田灌溉与施氮量对春小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响

采用完全随机裂区试验设计，灌溉量作为主处理，施氮量作为副处理，在黑河流域新垦沙地农田进行了春小麦生产试验研究。结果表明，灌溉与施氮对春小麦产量、产量构成要素及水分利用效率产生显著性的影响。在各施氮处理下，春小麦产量、产量构成要素随灌溉量增加而增加，产量、单粒质量与粒数在0．6ET（ET为估算春小麦生育期耗水的灌溉量）处理分别比1．0ET处理下降21．98％、14．68％与9．10％。0．6ET的水分利用效率显著高于0．8ET和1．0ET，0．8ET与1．0ET两者相差不显著。在各灌溉处理中，施氮221kg／hm^2与其他施氮处理相比，其产量及产量构成要素最高，同时，各灌溉处理最佳经济施氮量相差不大（226．8～227．9kg／hm^2），小于最大产量的施氮量（277．4～305．1kg／hm^2）。研究表明，黑河流域新垦沙地农田以0．6ET灌溉与221kg／hm^2施氮组合可以获得相对高的产量与高水分利用效率。

Effects of nitrogen rates and irrigation rates on grain yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat on recently reclaimed sandy farmland in Heihe River basin

Every year,increasing newly reclaimed sandy farmlands are irrigated for planting crops in Heihe River basin,however,the high irrigation and high nitrogen(N) supply are major factors contributing to water quantity and shortage problems in this area.The study was conducted at Linze Inland River Basin Research Station(CERN) to establish an accurate irrigation and N management system for spring wheat production aimed at high yield,water use efficiency(WUE) and economic return,by using a randomized complete block split plot design,with irrigation regimes[0.6,0.8,1.0 of the estimated evapotranspiration(ET)] and N fertility rates[79,140,221,300 kg/hm2] as the main-plot and split-plot respectively.Irrigation and N had significant effects on yield,yield components and WUE.Grain yield and yield components increased linearly in response to irrigation in all N treatments,the average reductions in grain yield,kernel weight and number of kernels were 21.98%,14.68% and 9.10% with 0.6 ET relative to 1.0 ET,respectively.The 0.6 ET had a significantly higher WUE than 0.8 ET and 1.0 ET,the difference of WUE was not significant between 0.8 ET and 1.0 ET in all N treatments.Grain yield and yield components were the greatest at N rate of 221 kg/hm2 treatment among other N treatments in all irrigation regimes.This study showed that the most profitable N rates ranged from 226.8 kg/hm2 to 227.9 kg/hm2 were less than maximum N rates ranged from 277.4 kg/hm2 to 305.1 kg/hm2 related to 0.6 ET and 1.0 ET.It indicates optimizing irrigation and N supply can produce maximized profits and high WUE for spring wheat production on newly reclaimed sandy farmlands in Heihe River basin.Irrigation treatment 0.6 ET,accompanied by N rate of 221 kg/hm2 was the best management system for the relative high economic yield and high WUE.