我国南方耕作制度的发展和展望

我国南方农业在全国占有重要地位。近十年南方耕作制度研究和改革在以下三个方面有较大发展：1.以提高土地生产率为目标的耕地资源的深度利用，如旱地以麦玉薯为主体的分带轮作多熟制改革；稻田三熟制的冬季轮作，冬水田、冬闲田、秋闲田等冬、秋季耕地资源的合理开发利用。2.以提高农田经济效益为重要目标的多类型、多功能种植和农作制度。3.以提高劳动生产率与土地生产率为目标的稻麦两熟耕作制度。通过对2000年人口增长与耕地减少的趋势分析，对今后进一步提高单产，提高投入与投入产出效率及提高总土地生产力与效益的要求与途径作了讨论与展望。

DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECT OF THE CROPPING SYSTEMS IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF CHINA

The southern agriculture is of important position in the country. In recent 10 ycears, the research and reform for cropping systems have obtained a greater development in 3 aspects below: 1. The intensive use for arable land resources with increasing land productivity as goal, such as the multiple cropping system reforms in upland with wheat /maize/sweet potato as main pattern; the rotation of winter crope for triple cropping systems in rice paddy fields,the reasonable exploitation and use for arable land resources of winter and autumn in winter logged fields, winter fallow fields and autumn fallow fields. 2. The cropping and farming systems of diverse types and functions with increasing economic benefits of arable land as important goal. 3. The double cropping systems of rice and wheat with increasing the productivity of labor and land as a goal.Through the analysis to the trend of population increase and arable land decrease by 2000 year, the demands and ways in future further increase the yield per unit area. The level and efficiency of input, and the overall productivities and benefits of total land are discussed.