黑河流域生态环境变化及其影响因素分析

对黑河流域水土资源开发利用现状、生态环境恶化状况及其成因进行了深入地分析 ,并着重研究了流域水文条件与水资源对生态环境的制约与影响 .结果表明 ,土地沙漠化和盐碱化是该流域最为严重的生态环境问题 ,植被的退化贯穿于其中 ,其结果不仅直接威胁下游天然绿洲的存亡 ,而且制约中下游人工灌溉绿洲的稳定与发展 .此外 ,水体污染在局部地带也是十分严重的环境问题 .所有这些问题都是以水资源为核心要素的生态问题 ,是由于水资源总量不足而且分配不均衡所导致的负面效应。由于事关民族稳定和发展及国防建设等重大问题 ,流域的生态环境保护尤其是下游绿洲的维护显得更为重要和迫切。据此 ,提出了若干改善黑河流域生态环境的建议与对策。

Studies on Ecological Environment Changes of Heihe River Basin and Its Influence Factors

Actualities of water and land resources utilizations and causes of ecological environment worsening in the Heihe River basin were analyzed thoroughly,and limits and effects of hydrological condition and water resources to ecological environment of the basin were emphasized. The results indicate that salinization and the desertification of land have become the most serious ecological environment problems of the basin along with the degeneration of vegetations which not only affects the suvival of the natural oasis in the lower basin but also restricts the development and the stabilization of the artificial irrigation oasis in the middle and lower basin. Besides waters being polluted in partial area is a quite serious environment problem too. All above problems relegate to the ecological problem centering around on water resources, which is an ill domino effect leading by water resources gross shortage and unbalanced distributing to water resources. So protecting of ecological environment,especially vindicating of the oasis in lower basin, looks even more important. Hereby, some advice and countermeasures ameliorating ecological environment of the Heihe River basin are presented.