不同玉米品种产量和氮素利用效率研究

大田试验供试品种为郑单958、登海605和鲁单510,探究不同夏玉米品种的产量及氮素吸收和利用效率。结果表明,鲁单510穗位较低,株高与登海605相似且略高于郑单958。吐丝后45 d,鲁单510和登海605的光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度较郑单958显著高102.2%、86.9%和126.9%。济南和淄博,鲁单510产量较郑单958分别高9.0%和17.0%,较登海605高2.9%和20.4%。鲁单510的氮肥偏生产力较郑单958和登海605平均高3.8%和2.7%,氮肥吸收效率分别高18.4%和15.7%。鲁单510穗位较低,子粒灌浆后期具有较高的光合特性和氮肥利用效率及其向子粒的分配能力,为该区域高产及氮高效玉米品种选择提供理论依据。

Study on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies of Different Summer Maize Varieties

Three maize varieties including Zhengdan958(ZD958), Denghai605(DH605) and Ludan510(LD510) were planted at different sites,to investigate the yield and nitrogen(N) uptake and utilization of different varieties. The results showed that the height of LD510(lower ear height) was similar to DH605, and slightly higher than that of ZD958. At 45 days after silking, the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductanceof LD510 and DH605 were 102.2%, 86.9% and 126.9% higher than those of ZD958, respectively. In Jinan and Zibo, the grain yield of LD510 was 9.0% and 17.0% higher than that of ZD958, and 2.9% and 20.4% higher than that of DH605, respectively. TNU of LD510 was slightly higher than that of DH605 at different locations with an exception of a significant increase in Zhaoyuan. On average, LD510 had 3.8% and 2.7% higher N partial productivity, 18.4% and 15.7% more N uptake efficiencythan ZD958 and DH605, respectively. In conclusion, LD510 had lower ear height, higher N uptake capacity, distribution capacity to grains, higher N utilization efficiency andhigher photosynthetic characteristics at the late grain filling stage.. These results will provide a theoretical basis for the selection of maize varieties with both high grain yield and high N efficiency in this area.