稻茬田肥力水平与施氮量对小麦籽粒产量和物质生产的影响

为给江苏淮北麦区不同肥力土壤上小麦高产施氮提供理论依据，以该麦区主推中筋小麦淮麦19和强筋小麦烟农19为材料，研究了高、中、低肥力稻茬田上施氮量对小麦籽粒产量和物质生产的影响。结果表明，产量与施氮量在高、中土壤肥力条件下呈二次曲线关系，在低肥力条件下呈线性关系；高、中肥力条件下获得最高产量所需施氮量淮麦19分别为246.7和286.1 kg·hm-2，烟农19分别为247.9和292.6 kg·hm-2；不同土壤肥力水平的高产处理在各个生育时期均有相应较高的群体质量性状。各土壤肥力条件下的不同施氮量处理，由于小麦物质生产多方面因素的综合作用，均出现了各自相对的最高产量，而最高产量随土壤肥力提高而显著上升，相反取得最高产量所需的施氮量却依次相应降低。因此，小麦生产中要因土壤肥力水平的高低来制定不同的目标产量以及相对应的精确施氮量。

Effects of Different Soil Fertility Levels and N Application Rate on Wheat Yield and Matter Production after Rice

Took Huaimai 19 and Yannong 19 as materials,the effects of nitrogen application rate on yield and matter production in wheat after rice in northern of Jiangsu winter wheat growing areas under high, middle, low soil fertility levels were studied. The results showed that there were significant Conics relations between nitrogen application rate and wheat yield in high and middle soil fertility level, but it was a linear correlation under low fertility soil. The appropriate nitrogen rate were 246.7 and 286.1 kg·hm~(-2) for high-yield of Huaimai 19 in high, middle soil fertility level, and 247.9 and 292.6 kg·hm~(-2) for high-yield of Yannong 19;there were high-quality crops population with the higher yield treatment in every growth stages. There was a highest wheat production at nitrogen rates in different soil fertility level because of the combined effects in wheat matter production, and the highest wheat production improved with the soil fertility level increasing. In contrast, the nitrogen rates for highest wheat production declined with the soil fertility level increasing. Therefore, we should decide different target output and accurate nitrogen rate in accordance with different soil fertility levels in practice of wheat production.