鸭亲本间遗传距离与杂交后代杂种优势关系的研究

运用随机扩增多态DNA方法,对樱桃谷鸭、麻鸭及其杂交一代和用F1作为母本再与父本番鸭属间杂交培育的三元杂交半番鸭(F2)基因组DNA进行了遗传分析。结果表明,RAPD可用于有效标记鸭品种之间遗传亲缘关系和杂种优势预测;在所使用的20种随机引物中,5个鸭种共产生760条带,其中多态性带568条,占总条带数的 74．7％,说明鸭群体具有较为丰富的遗传多样性;杂交一代多态性位点比例为67．9％,遗传相似度为0．822 7,三元杂交二代多态性位点比例为83．1％,遗传相似度为0．826 4。说明三元杂交子二代的杂种优势可以用杂种优势理论中的显形假说来解释。

Relationship of Parental Genetic Distance with Crossing Offspring Heterosis in Ducks

The random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) technique was applied to the genetic analysis of Muscovy, Cherry Valley Meat ducks Partridge ducks and their crossbreed F1 and F2 The results indicated that the RAPD was an effective marker for the analysis of genetic relationship among ducks. 760 fragments were generated by using 20 primers, among which, 568 were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic markers was 74.7 % , which indicated that the RAPD had higher efficiency of polymorphism detection and sensitivity in studying the genetic variation among ducks and showed that the genetic polymorphism was abundant among species of ducks population. The ratio of polymorphic loci and genetic similarity in the first filial and second filial were also calculated, and the values were 67.9 % , 83.1 % and 0.8227,0.8264, respectively. This result revealed that the heterosis of the second filial could bi explained by the dominance hypothesis.