水肥调控对宁夏旱砂地枣树生长发育的影响

以种植在宁夏中卫市香山干旱山区压砂地的3年生‘同心圆枣’树（行间套种西瓜，每公顷产量12000 kg~13500 kg）为试材，研究了保水剂+补水补肥对土壤含水量、坐果率、产量、品质、水分利用率和树体营养生长的影响，试验结果表明：每株施30 g~60 g保水剂，并在枣树生长期补水补肥2次，使整个生育期40 cm处土壤含水量绝对值提高了2.14%，单叶面积增加了4.1%~50.5%，叶绿素含量增加了44.9%（与放任生长的树相比），坐果率提高了9.5%~27.8%，单株坐果量提高了29.5%~33.2%，单株产量提高了37.9%~51.1%，平均单果重增加了0.5 g~2.1 g，水分利用率提高了33.3%~46.7%，果实固酸比增加了23.0%~41.8%、维生素C含量略有增加，新枣头粗度和主干增粗率也略有增加。

Effects of Fertilizer-Water Regulation on Growth and Development of Zizyphus Jujuba in Gravel-Sand Mulched Field in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

At Xiangshan Mountain arid areas in the middle Ningxia, the effects of both water absorbent and supplemental fertilizer-water on soil water contents, fruit-setting rate, yields, quality, water use efficiency and vegetable growth of jujube trees were investigated under the field condition, by using the three-year-old ＇Tongxinyuanzao＇ jujube trees with plant and row placing being 3 m x 8 m while intercropping watermelon which the yield of was 12 000 kg-13 500 kg per hm2. The results indicated that the content of soil moisture in the depth of 40 cm was increased by 2.14% （absolute value） from May to October after the application of water absorbent with 30-60 g per plant and supplementary twice fertilizer-water （125 kg of total number per tree） on mid-June, mid-July, respectively. Meanwhile, the leaf area, chlorophyll content, fruit-setting rate, fruit number of individual tree, yield per plant, mean fresh weight of fruit, water use efficiency and ratio of total soluble solids content to titratable acid content were enhanced by 4.1%-50.5%, 44.9%（compared with that of naturally growing trees）, 9.5%-27.8%, 29.5%-33.2%, 37.9%-51.1%, 0.5 g-2.1 g, 33.3%-46.7% and 23.0%-41.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the content of ascorbic acid, new branch thickness and rate of diameter of tree trunk increased all improved slightly.