Use of Fusarium graminearum transformed with gfp to follow infection patterns in barley and Arabidopsis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, 501 Walnut St., Madison, WI 53726, USA;2. Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., 3054 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2257, USA;1. Centre for Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India;2. Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India;1. CRIOF - Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Gandolfi, 19, 40057 Cadriano, Bologna, Italy;2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy;3. Consiglio per La Ricerca e La Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali (CRA-CIN), Via di Corticella133, 40128 Bologna, Italy;1. INRA, UR1052, Centre de Recherche PACA, 67 Allée des Chênes CS60094, 84143 Montfavet Cedex, France;2. INRA, US1279, Etude du Polymorphisme des Génomes végétaux (EPGV), CEA-IG/CNG, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France;3. Vilmorin S.A. – Groupe Limagrain, Centre de Recherche de La Costière, Route de Meynes, 30210 Ledenon, France;1. Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK;2. Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK;1. Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China;2. Horticulture Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450009 China |
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| Abstract: | The fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum attacks the seed spikes of barley and wheat, causing sterility, reduced seed weight and accumulation of mycotoxins. To explore infection patterns in barley and in the Arabidopsis model system, the green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) was used to transform F. graminearum. Inoculation of intact barley spikes resulted in rapid colonization of the brush hairs (ovary epithelial hairs) at the extruded seed tip within 7 h. Colonization followed a pattern of rapid basipetal growth along the pericarp epithelium (interior to the lemma and palea), accompanied by slower growth inward through the pericarp and testa. However, at 16 days after infection the aleurone and starchy endosperm remained uninfected, despite heavy colonization of the pericarp. Colonization of the outer lemma also occurred but was much slower. No increase in amylase enzyme activities was found, discounting the possibility that F. graminearum utilizes gibberellin-induced host enzymes to tap the endosperm for nutrients. The transformed Fusarium strain readily infected Arabidopsis thaliana leaves and produced copious spores within distant leaves. Results show the utility of gfp in tracing the growth of this pathogen, without misinterpretation due to contaminating fungi, and for resistance studies utilizing the Arabidopsis model system. |
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