The effect of timing and severity of water deficit on growth,development, yield accumulation and nitrogen fixation of mungbean |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Indonesian Rubber Research Institute, Sembawa Research Station, PO Box 1127, Palembang, Indonesia;2. CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia 4067, Brisbane, Australia;3. School of Land and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Brisbane, Australia;4. CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra 2601, Australia;1. ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research (IIMR), New Delhi, 110 012, India;2. International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI), South Asia Program, Gurgaon, 122016, Haryana, India;3. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), NASC Complex, New Delhi, 110 012, India;4. International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Kabul, 11082010, Afghanistan;5. ICAR-Indian Institute of Water Management (IIWM), Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India;1. ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, 793 103, Meghalaya, India;2. Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, Ohio State University, USA;3. ICAR-Central Institute of Cotton Research and Development, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India;4. Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India;5. Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India;1. Indonesian Centre for Food Crops Research and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Jl. Merdeka No. 147, Bogor, West Java 16111, Indonesia;2. Centre for Plant Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Australia;3. School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Australia;1. Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawapur 63100, Pakistan;2. Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan;3. Department of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.), as a dryland grain legume, is exposed to varying timing and severity of water deficit, which results in variability in grain yield, nitrogen accumulation and grain quality. In this field study, mungbean crops were exposed to varying timing and severity of water deficit in order to examine: (1) contribution of the second flush of pods to final grain yield with variable timing of relief from water deficit, (2) the sensitivity to water deficit of the accumulation of biomass and nitrogen (N) and its partitioning to grain, and (3) how the timing of water deficit affects the pattern of harvest index (HI) increase through pod filling. The results showed that the contribution of the second flush to final yield is highly variable (1–56%) and can be considerable, especially where mid-season stress is relieved at early pod filling. The capacity to produce a second flush of pods did not compensate fully for yield reduction due to water stress. Relief from mid-season stress also resulted in continued leaf production, N2 fixation and vegetative biomass accumulation during pod filling. Despite the wide variation in the degree of change in vegetative biomass and N during pod filling, there were strong relationships between grain yield and net-above-ground biomass at maturity, and grain N and above-ground N at maturity. Only in the extreme situations were HI and nitrogen HI affected noticeably. In those treatments where there was a large second flush of pods, there was a pronounced biphasic pattern to pod number production, with HI also progressing through two distinct phases of increase separated by a plateau. The proportion of grain yield contributed to by biomass produced before pod filling varied from 0 to 61% with the contribution greatest under terminal water deficit. There was a larger effect of water deficit on N accumulation, and hence N2 fixation, than on biomass accumulation. The study confirmed the applicability of a number of long-standing physiological concepts to the analysis of the effect of water deficit on mungbean, but also highlighted the difficulty of accounting for timing effects of water deficit where second flushes of pods alter canopy development, biomass and yield accumulation, and N dynamics. |
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