Effect of water stress at different development stages on vegetative and reproductive growth of corn |
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| Institution: | 1. Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab, Kansas State University, 108 Waters Hall, 1603 Old Claflin Place, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;2. Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Kansas State University, 1712 Claflin Road, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;3. USDA – ARS Southeast Area, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA;4. Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;1. USDA-ARS, Agricultural Systems Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO 80526, United States;2. Division of Natural Resources Management (NRM), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, 110012, India;3. USDA-ARS, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO 80526, United States;4. USDA-ARS, Crop Production Systems Research Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776, United States;5. USDA-ARS, The National Lab for Agricultural and The Environment, Ames, IA 50011, United States;1. UIB-INTA Balcarce - Facultad De Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina;2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CC 276, 7620 Balcarce, Argentina;1. Eduardo Mondlane University, Department of Rural Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering, PO Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique;2. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Soil and Environment, PO Box 7014, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | A field study was carried out from 1995 to 1997 in order to determine the effect of irrigation and water stress imposed at different development stages on vegetative growth, grain yield and other yield components of corn (Zea mays L.). The field trials were conducted on a silty loam Entisol soil, with Pioneer 3377 corn hybrid. A randomised complete block design with three replications was used. Four known growth stages of the plant were considered and a total of 16 (including rain fed) irrigation treatments were applied. The effect of irrigation or water stress at any stage of development on plant height, leaf area index, grain yield per hectare, as well number of ears per plant, grain yield per cob and 1000 kernels weight, were evaluated. Results of this 3-year study show that all vegetative and yield parameters were significantly affected by water shortage in the soil profile due to omitted irrigation during the sensitive tasselling and cob formation stages. Water stress occurring during vegetative and tasselling stages reduced plant height, as well as leaf area development. Short-duration water deficits during the rapid vegetative growth period caused 28–32% loss of final dry matter weight. Highest yields were observed in the fully irrigated control (VTCM) and the treatment which allowed water stress during the vegetative growth stage (TCM). Even a single irrigation omission during one of the sensitive growth stages, caused up to 40% grain yield losses during dry years such as 1996. Much greater losses of 66–93% could be expected as a result of prolonged water stress during tasselling and ear formation stages. Seasonal irrigation water amounts required for non-stressed production varied by year from 390 to 575 mm. Yield response factor (ky) values (unitless parameter) relating yield loss to water deficits) obtained for the first, second and third experimental years were determined to be 1.22, 1.36 and 0.81, respectively. |
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