Genomics and the physiologist: bridging the gap between genes and crop response |
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| Institution: | 1. University Hospital Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;2. Department for Laboratory Diagnostics, Cantonal Public Health Institute Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina;3. IT, Austrian Institute for Technology, Molecular Diagnostic, Vienna, Austria;4. Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse Graz, Austria;5. Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;6. Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia;1. Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;2. Research Group EnVOC, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;3. Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;4. Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;1. Aix-Marseille Université, INMED UMR 901, 13273 Marseille, France;2. INSERM, UMR 901, 13273 Marseille, France;3. Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRN2M UMR 6231, 13397 Marseille, France;4. Aix-Marseille Université, PPSN EA 4674, 13013 Marseille, France;5. Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LNIA UMR 7260, 13331 Marseille, France;1. N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation;2. TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, 300457 Tianjin, China;3. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden;4. Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;1. JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, IA, USA;2. Theravance Biopharma US, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Plant physiologists have traditionally studied the relationship between crop performance (the phenotype) and the environment. Global change processes present multiple challenges to crop performance that can be met effectively by changing the crop environment through management, and by modifying the crop genome (the genotype) through plant breeding and molecular biology. In order to increase the reliability of crop performance prediction based upon genetic information, new tools are needed to more effectively relate observed phenotypes to genotypes. The emerging discipline of genomics offers promise of providing such tools, and may provide a unique opportunity to enhance genetic gains and stabilize global crop production. Genomics has developed from the confluence of genetics, automated laboratory tools for generating DNA- and RNA-based data, and methods of information management. Functional genomics concentrates on how genes function, alone and in networks, while structural genomics focuses on physical and structural aspects of the genome. The traditional strengths of physiology lie in interpreting whole plant response to environmental signals, dissecting traits into component processes, and predicting correlated responses when genes and pathways are perturbed. These complement information on the genetic control of signal transduction, gene expression, gene networks and candidate genes. Combining physiological and genetic information can provide a more complete model of gene-to-phenotype relationships and genotype-by-environment interactions. Phenotypic screening procedures that more accurately identify underlying genetic variation, and crop models that incorporate Mendelian genetic controls of key processes provide two tangible examples of fruitful collaboration between physiologists and geneticists. These point to a productive complementary relationship between disciplines that will speed progress towards stable and adequate food production, despite challenges posed by global climate change. |
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