Evaluation of new clones of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) for inulin and sugar yield from stalks and tubers |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA;2. Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;2. School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China;1. Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China;2. Drug Research & Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China;3. College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China;1. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, CIT Río Negro, Río Negro, Argentina;2. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Río Negro, CIT Río Negro (CONICET-UNRN), 9 de Julio 446, 8336 Villa Regina, Río Negro, Argentina;3. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química, PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina;4. Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Argentina;5. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Av. Del Valle 5737, Olavarría, Argentina;6. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina;7. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur, INBIOSUR (UNS-CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;3. USDA-ARS, Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Coastal Plain Experimental Station, Tifton, GA 31793, USA |
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| Abstract: | Six clones of Jerusalem artichoke, five new clones (coded as 17, 22, 56, 69 and 70) and the control cultivar “Violette de Rennes” were evaluated for variability in sugars yield, when the plant is utilised as stalk, tuber and “integral crop”.Among the above harvesting methods, the integral crop (stalks and tubers at flowering time), showed the highest yield potential of total sugars (fructose+glucose) and inulin (18.6 and 17.9 t/ha, respectively). This was obtained by the clone Violette de Rennes, which also had the greatest inulin chain length, in the text reported as average degree of polymerisation (DP).Clone 69 produced the highest yield of sugars and inulin, when the stalks are harvested at flowering (10.4 and 8.0 t/ha, respectively), while clone 17, with the conventional harvest of tubers at the end of crop cycle, reached 13.3 and 13.7 t/ha of total sugars and inulin, respectively. The average inulin chain length (DP) was highest at flowering time in both stalks and tubers with a range of 7.5–11.2 in the genotypes studied, while, at the final harvest of tubers, it significantly decreased reaching values ranging from 4.8 to 6.7. Among the organs analysed, the tubers at stalk harvest, showed both the highest inulin content and the longest inulin chain, expressed as DP.The genetic variability was very high among the clones for the other characters studied, such as flowering time, sugar content in different organs, photosynthesis activity, leaf chlorophyll content, etc. In particular, the “refractometrically measured” solids, in extracted tissue juice, expressed as the Brix-value (a very quick method), exhibited a significant positive relationship with the tuber inulin content (0.90** and 0.85**, n=6, in the first and second harvest, respectively), confirming its suitability as a fast screening method in breeding, avoiding time consuming and expensive laboratory analysis. |
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