Impacts of atmospheric deposition on New Jersey pine barrens forest soils and communities of ectomycorrhizae |
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| Institution: | 1. Rutgers University Pinelands Field Station, P.O. Box 206, New Lisbon, NJ 08064, USA;2. Fordham University, Calder Center, P.O. Box 206, New Lisbon, NJ 08064, USA;3. NJ Department of Environmental Protection Department of Science Technology, and Research, P.O. Box 206, New Lisbon, NJ 08064, USA;1. Crystal Growth and Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India;2. School of Physics, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India;3. Crystal Growth and Thin Film Laboratory, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India;1. Earth and Environmental Science Department, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA;2. University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Appalachian Laboratory, Frostburg, MD, USA;1. Forest Research Institute, S?kocin Stary, 3 Braci Le?nej Str., 05-090 Raszyn, Poland;2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology (GUT), 11/12 G. Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;1. Avda. Padre Claret 7, 5º G, 09400 Aranda de Duero, Burgos, Spain;2. Forestry College, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan Prov. 650224, China;3. Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;4. Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu, Sichuan Prov. 610066, China;5. The State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China;1. School of Geography, University of Leeds, UK;2. Rigare Ltd, Abergavenny, UK;3. Panama Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Panamá & Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama;1. Faculty of Sciences, J. E. Purkinje University, ?eské mláde?e 8, Ústí nad Labem, CZ-40096, Czech Republic;2. Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, CZ-14220, Czech Republic;3. Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-3: Agrosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany |
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| Abstract: | A gradient of increasing N deposition was identified in a southwestern to northeastern transect through the New Jersey pine barrens. The effect of this change in N deposition rate on soil chemistry and ectomycorrhizal morphotype community of pitch pine was studied by sampling from the field under mature pine trees, by planting bait seedlings into the field and in a greenhouse study where seedlings were given differential rates of N applications (0, 35, 140 kg ha?1 equivalent). The field transect showed a significant but small increase in N deposition from 0.35 to 0.72 kg N ha?1 (during the ca. 6 months of the study) equating to 7.84 ± 0.50 kg ha?1 year?1 at the northernmost site, 5.31 ± 0.70 at the middle and 3.66 ± 0.61 kg ha?1 year?1 N at the southwestern most site. Along this transect the ectomycorrhizal morphotype abundance and richness declined significantly under pitch pine. The decline in richness was significantly correlated with the N deposition rate. Bait pitch pine seedlings planted into one of the field sites and fertilized with increasing levels of N showed a reduction in ectomycorrhizal morphotype richness with increased N addition. In a greenhouse study, pine seedling biomass was inversely related to N addition. Nitrogen content of plants increased with increasing N supply, but P content of plants decreased, suggesting that P is a limiting nutrient in this ecosystem. Extractable N from the upper soil horizons increased in cores to which tree seedlings had been added as N addition increased. This indicates an approach to a critical loading of N for these oligotrophic soils, where N supply exceeds seedling N demand. In treeless cores N supply appears to exceed microbial immobilization potential even when no exogenous N is applied. As N supply to greenhouse seedlings increased, ectomycorrhizal morphotype richness declined. By combining data from the field and greenhouse studies, specific ectomycorrhizal morphotype groups were identified by their response to added N. Cortinarius- and Lactarius-like morphotypes were restricted to low levels of N availability. Suilloid- and Ascomycete-like morphotypes were more abundant as soil N availability increases, whereas Russula-like types showed an inverse relationship to N availability. We discuss the results from these oligotrophic sandy soils in comparison with European data derived from richer soils, where mycorrhizal fungal community responses appear to occur only at much higher levels of exogenous N. We attribute these differences to the evolved adaptations of pitch pine and their symbionts to growth in highly oligotrophic environments. |
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