云南云龙水库库区野生有毒种子植物资源调查与分析*

云南云龙水库库区野生有毒种子植物共有103种,隶属于50科82属,占该区全部种子植物种的23.1%;其种数和科数分别占全国有毒植物的7.9%和35.7%。优势科为Asclepiadaceae,Compositae,Ericaceae,Leguminosae,Lolanaceae和Ranunculaceae,优势属为Anemone,Carpesium,Ranunculus和Rhododendron。最主要的生态型是草本。该区有毒种子植物种数在海拔2010m最多,丰富度指数也表明2010m处的有毒种子植物最丰富,但有些有毒种子植物却广泛分布在较宽的海拔范围内。水库完成蓄水后,将有61.17%野生有毒种子植物被永久淹没。该区有毒植物基本属于"有毒类",最主要的毒性部位为全草,但通常仅一个器官的毒性最大。基础教育、及时建立相关法律制度、扩大人工种植面积和加强市场管理应是保护和开发该区野生有毒种子植物资源的有效措施。本研究结果可为库区周边生态环境保护和该区有毒种子植物资源的科学保护和利用提供基本信息。

Investigation and Analysis of the Wild Resources of Poisonous Seed Plants from Yunlong Reservoir Area in Yunnan

In the area of Yunlong reservoir in Yunnan province,there were 103 species of poisonous seed plants which belonged to 50 families and 82 genera.The percentage of the poisonous seed plants to the total seed plants in this area was 23.1%,and the percentages of the species number and family number of the poisonous plants to those of the poisonous plants in whole China were 7.9% and 35.7% respectively.The preponderant families of the poisonous plants were Asclepiadaceae,Compositae,Ericaceae,Leguminosae,Lolanaceae and Ranunculaceae,and the preponderant genera were Anemone,Carpesium,Ranunculus and Rhododendron.The most dominant ecotype of the poisonous plants was herbage.The species number in the altitude of 2010 m was the maximum,which was also reflected by the maximum abundant index.But some poisonous seed plants diffusely distributed in a wide range of altitudes.After the water-storing of reservoir was fulfilled completely,61.17% of the poisonous seed plants would permanently be submerged.The poisonous plants in the area basically belonged to "Venenous".The main venenous part of the poisonous plants was the whole plant,and it was common that only one oragan of the plant was the most venenous.Basic education,timely establishment of relative law systems,enlarging the artificial planting area and strengthening the management to the market should be the effective measures to protect and exploit the wild resources of poisonous seed plants in the area.This research could provide essential informations for the protection of the entironment surrounding the reservoir and for the scientific safeguard and utilization of the poisonous seed plants.