黑龙江省早熟玉米自交系的遗传分析及应用评价

为了全面了解黑龙江省早熟玉米自交系间遗传关系，并合理准确地划分杂种优势群和构建杂种优势模式。通过采用黑龙江省5 个主要早熟玉米优良自交系按双列杂交设计，研究配合力的结果表明：5 个自交系以及配制的组合在7 个农艺性状上都存在极显著差异。杂交组合遗传参数分析：在超亲优势率上，以合344 为母本的杂交组合的穗粗性状的超亲优势率均为正值，表现出较强的杂种优势，在中亲优势率上，以合344 为母本的组合的优势率为正值，通过分析表明合344 同其他类群自交系之间均表现出较高配合力。其中合344×扎461 与合344×南5 组合的单株产量的中亲优势率均超过10%，增产效果明显。黑龙江早熟玉米杂种优势模式，Lancaster类群×塘四平头类群杂优模式：Lancaster类群×Reid类群杂优模式，Lancaster类群×外杂选类群杂优模式。其结果对黑龙江省早熟玉米有效利用提供理论依据和实践。

Analysis of Genetic Analysis on Combining Ability and Applied Evaluation of Five Early Maturing Maize Inbred Lines in Heilongjiang

The paper aims to know genetic affinity about early maturing maize inbred lines of Heilongjiang, reasonably and accurately divide heterosis groups and build model of heterosis. 5 main early maturing corn inbred lines of Heilongjiang Province were selected using NC-Ⅱ design. Combining ability analysis showed that 7 main agronomic traits of 5 main early maturing corn inbred lines had significant difference, genetic index analysis of corn cross combination showed that the ear diameter trait of the cross combination with He344 as female parent had a positive TH (transgressive heterosis), showing powerful heterosis and a positive MH (middle parent heterosis). These results indicated that the effective use of the main early maturing corn inbred lines had very important theoretical and practical value for the corn breeding in Heilongjiang Province or early maturing spring corn region in China. Models of early maturing maize heterosis of Heilongjiang were: heterosis models of Lancaster groups × Tangsipingtou groups, Lancaster groups×Reid groups, Lancaster groups×Hybrid selection groups. The results provided theoretical basis and practice for the efficient use of early maturing maize of Heilongjiang.