油料作物连作障碍形成机理与生态修复措施研究进展

连作对油料作物中的花生、大豆、芝麻的生长发育有显著的负面影响，主要表现为植株矮小瘦弱，衰老进程加速，干物质积累量变少，病虫害发生程度加重和产量急速下降。笔者在综述了国内外有关油料作物连作障碍的文献基础上，认为引起油料作物连作障碍的主要因素有土壤和植株营养元素匮乏、土壤微生物区系失衡、土壤某些酶活性降低、自毒物质积累增多等四个方面。总结了目前比较实用的四项连作障碍生态修复技术，分别为耐重茬优良品种的选育与应用、抗重茬专用肥的施用、耕作方式的改进、生物制剂与土壤消毒剂的应用，希望能够为消除油料作物的连作障碍提供理论参考。

The research progress of formation mechanism and ecological restoration measures on continuous cropping obstacles of oil crops

The negative effect of continuous cropping on growth and development of oil crops (peanut, soybean, sesame) was large. Under continuous cropping condition, the plant became shorter, dry matter accumulation decreased, senescence was accelerated, diseases and pests of plant increased, and the yield declined rapidly. Based on current research achievements on continuous cropping obstacles of oils crop home and abroad, It was viewed that there were four factors that can result in continuous cropping obstacles, which were lack of soil and plant nutrients, microbial flora imbalance, some soil enzymes activities decreased, and auto toxicity increased. This paper summarizes four restoration methods for continuous cropping obstacles by far, including that breeding continuous cropping tolerant varieties, developing special continuous cropping resistant fertilizer, improving farming ways, as well as biologics and soil disinfectants. Based on this, it was hoped to provide theoretical reference for ecological restoration measures on continuous cropping obstacles of oil crops.