呼伦贝尔市冰雹时空分布特征及类型分析

利用呼伦贝尔市16个台站1970～2009年的冰雹资料,分析了冰雹的时空分布特征并总结呼伦贝尔市冰雹天气的一般天气类型。结果表明,呼伦贝尔市冰雹在空间分布为林区冰雹日数最多,牧区和农区日数相差不大;集中发生在4～10月,峰值为6月份;发生时段集中在12：00～16：00;且持续时间为3～5min的冰雹最多;年代际变化从20世纪70年代至今呈现出冰雹日数为少-多-少-少、并在波动中呈减少趋势的特征;呼伦贝尔市冰雹天气以局地对流为主,系统性对流次之,产生系统性对流天气的影响系统主要分为冷涡型、西北气流型和高空低槽型,其中冷涡型是产生系统性冰雹天气的主要影响系统。

The Spatial and Temporal Distribution Features and Types Analysis of Hail in Hulunbeier City

According to the hail data of 16 stations in Hulunbeier from 1970 to 2009,the spatial and temporal distribution features were analyzed,and the ordinary weather types of hail were summarized.The results showed that in this city,the spatial distribution of hail indicated that the days of the hail are the most in forest,are not obvious difference between pastoral and farming;the hail intently occurred during 4-10 month,and reached peak in June;the happened period focused from 12:00 to 16:00;the duration of hail are regular 3-5min;from 1970s to now,the interannual change of hail days showed less-more-less-less,and reducing tendency in the wave.The results showed the local convection was first to hail climate,the systematic convection was secondary.The influence of weather systems divided mainly into three categories:the cold eddy,the northwest flow and low pressure trough in high altitude,and the cold eddy was main influence systems of a hail of weather.