喀左县雷暴日数的变化特征及对策

为了给雷电预测及防雷减灾提供有利科学依据，加强做好对雷电的监测，使人工防雹站点布局更加合理，增强防雹增雨效果。利用1959—2014 年喀左县常规地面观测资料，分析了喀左县雷暴的气候特征。结果表明：喀左县年平均雷暴日数为28.1 天。20 世纪90 年代至2014 年雷暴日数呈逐渐下降趋势，并有明显的季、月变化；4—6 月迅速增多，7—9 月变化逐渐减少，10—11 月迅速减少。雷暴13:00—20:00 时发生频率最高。雷暴日出现最多的年份在1991 年（41 天），最少的年份为1961 年（12 天）；喀左 县雷暴日数月变化呈单峰型，其峰值位于6 月；平均雷暴初日为4 月23 日，平均雷暴终日为10 月6 日；平均雷暴持续期为165.8 天；因此，研究喀左县雷电的特征变化及活动规律，开展防雷减灾、加强雷电灾害防御、防雹增雨等具有十分重要的意义。

Variation Characteristics of Thunderstorm Days and Its Countermeasures in Kazuo County

In order to provide favorable scientific basis for lightning forecasting, lightning prevention and disaster reduction, make a reasonable layout of artificial hail suppression stations, as well as reinforce the effect of hail suppression and rainfall enhancement, the author analyzed the climate features of thunderstorms in Kazuo County based on the county’s conventional surface observation data from 1959 to 2014. The results showed that the annual average thunderstorm days in Kazuo County was 28.1 d, indicating a gradual decrease from the 1990s to 2014 with distinct seasonal and monthly changes which were characterized by a rapid increase from April to June, a gradual decrease from July to September, and a rapid drop in October and November. The highest frequency of thunderstorm emerged between 13:00 and 20:00. The year 1991 witnessed the largest number of thunderstorm days, adding up to 41 d, and the least thunderstorm days appeared in 1961 (12 d). The monthly changes of thunderstorm days in Kazuo County presented a unimodal type with its peak in June, the average starting day was April 23rd, the average ending day was October 6th, and the average duration was 165.8 d. Therefore, studying the variation characteristics and activity patterns of the thunderstorm is of vital significance for strengthening lightning prevention, hail suppression and rainfall enhancement.