蔬菜中氯氰菊酯残留的风险评估研究

目前使用的绝大多数农药为合成农药,具有急性毒性特征,已开展的慢性评估不能完全符合实际需要,慢性评估结果容易出现过低估计风险,具有急性毒性特征的农药残留必须开展急性评估。为了推进急性评估研究,为我国食品安全监管和残留限量的制定提供技术支持,在WHO原则指导下、基于JMPR建议的方法,开展了蔬菜中氯氰菊酯残留的急性和慢性点评估技术研究。结果显示,济南、青岛和寿光三地市售的西红柿、菜椒、菜豆、茄子、豇豆和芹菜中氯氰菊酯残留摄入是安全的;虽然白菜出现了超标的个例,但99.98%的氯氰菊酯残留摄入不存在危害健康的摄入风险;即使考虑50%的总体误差以及蔬菜占总食物摄入量的比例,至少99.96%的残留摄入不存在危害健康的摄入风险。研究表明,摄入频率高的7类蔬菜中氯氰菊酯残留污染较轻,对消费者（包括孕妇、婴儿和儿童）身体健康危害很小。

Risk Assessment of Cypermethrin Residues in Vegetables

At present,much attention has paid to risk assessment of acute hazards for many synthetic pesticides with acute toxicity domestically and internationally because only risk assessment of chronic hazards could not meet the actual needs. In particular,it is useful that short term dietary exposure assessment carried out in our country. Short term and long term assessment of cypermethrin residue in vegetables were performed as described in this paper,respectively. Intake of the pesticide residues was calculated with the point estimation based on the methods recommended by JMPR which guided by the principles defined by WHO. Hazard Quotient was calculated by the methods presented by EFSA to estimate risk and identify potential hazards to human health quantitatively. Results of dietary intake estimation showed that intake risk of the residues in tomato,pepper,kidney bean,eggplant,cowpea and celery would be expected to have no unacceptable dietary intake risk. 99.98% intake of the residues would be safe in chinese cabbage,even though there was one result of NESTI exceeded the ARfD. At least there was no unacceptable risk to consumer＇s health of 99.96% of intake with taking 50% aggregate error and the ratio of vegetable to total food consumption into account. It has concluded that the pollution of the residues in seven kinds of vegetables with high frequency of consumption was light. The risk to consumer＇s health,including pregnant women,infants and children would be acceptable with the residues found. Moreover,short term dietary exposure assessment should be performed for pesticides with acute toxicity,as only long term dietary exposure assessment could under-estimate the dietary risks to consumer in this case. This work assumed providing technical support to national food safety monitoring programs and to setting maximum residue levels in China.