单养模式下罗非鱼亲本培育塘的沉积物产污系数初探

采用试验塘养殖方法研究了单养模式下罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）亲本培育塘的沉积物污染物含量及沉积物产污系数。结果表明,单养模式下罗非鱼亲本培育塘的沉积物含水率、总有机质、TN、TP和有效磷的含量以及表层沉积物的氮磷比分别在61.07%～68.87%、5.42%～6.82%、2.12～3.18 mg.g^-1、0.34～0.45 mg.g^-1、15.39～24.92μg.g-1和5.74～7.85之间,上述指标在池塘水平分布上没有表现出变化的规律性。面积法和产量法计算得到的湿泥、干泥、总氮、总磷、有效磷、有机质的产污系数分别变化在5.60～15.13 kg.m-2、1.81～5.08 kg.m-2、7.24～23.86 g.m^-2、1.13～3.08 g.m^-2、0.06～0.18 g.m^-2、161.76～526.85 g.m-2和7.89～30.35 kg.kg^-1、2.55～10.19 kg.kg-1、10.43～47.86 g.kg^-1、1.59～6.18 g.kg^-1、0.08～0.36 g.kg^-1、256.37～1 004.69 g.kg^-1。同时,面积法计算显示,两试验塘的湿泥、干泥、总氮、总磷、有效磷、有机质的产污系数均差异不显著（P〉0.05）;而产量法计算显示,除底泥有效磷的产污系数差异不显著外（P〉0.05）,两试验塘的湿泥、干泥、总氮、总磷、有机质的产污系数均差异显著（P〈0.05）。这表明,当养殖模式、养殖技术、放养密度、投喂饲料等要素基本一致时,用面积法测定的沉积物产污系数比用产量法测定的稳定。

Preliminary Study on the Pollutants Producing Coefficient of Sediment in Tilapia Broodstock Rearing Pond with Monoculture Mode

The pollutants concentration and pollutants producing coefficient of sediment in tilapia（Oreochromis niloticus）broodstock rear-ing ponds with monoculture mode were researched.The results showed that the water containing,total organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus of sediment in the tilpia broodstock rearing pond ranged 61.07%~ 68.87%,5.42%~6.82%,2.12~3.18 mg.g-1,0.34~0.45 mg.g-1,15.39~24.92 μg.g-1 and 5.74~7.85 respectively.And the water containing,to-tal organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus of sediment in tilpia brood-stock rearing pond had not changed regularly at horizontal distribute.The pollutants producing coefficient of wet mud,dry mud,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and total organic matter ranged from 5.60 kg.m-2 to 15.13 kg.m-2,1.81~5.08 kg.m-2,7.24~ 23.86 g.m-2,1.13~3.08 g.m-2,0.06~0.18 g.m-2,161.76~526.85 g.m-2 respectively when the pollutants producing coefficient were calculated accord-ing to the area method,and ranged 7.89~30.35 kg.kg-1,2.55~10.19 kg.kg-1,10.43~47.86 g.kg-1,1.59~6.18 g.kg-1,0.08~0.36 g.kg-1,256.37~1 004.69 g.kg-1 respectively when the pollutants producing coefficient were calculated according to the fish yield method.The pollu-tants producing coefficient of wet mud,dry mud,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and total organic matter between pond Ⅰand pondⅡ were all not significant differen（tP0.05）when the pollutants producing coefficient were calculated according to the area method, but the pollutants producing coefficient of all that above, excepting available phosphorus, were all significant differen（tP0.05）when the pollutants producing coefficient were calculated according to the fish yield method, which meant that the pollutants producing coefficient calculated according to the area method was more useful than that calculated according to the fish yield method when the pond culture mode, pond culture technology, fish density, fish feed were all nearly the same to each other.