漂浮栽培水生植物对入滇河流污水中磷的去除效果研究

利用水生植物净化富营养化水体是污染水体生物治理的途径之一,为了找出适宜在水体中生长并对磷的去除效果较好的植物,选择5个品种的水稻以及空心菜、茭白和水花生为供试水生植物,通过静态水培试验,研究了各植物在富营养化水体中的生长状况,以及对水体中磷的去除效果。结果表明,在不添加任何植物营养的条件下,植物在富营养化水体中均能正常生长;有植物处理系统对水体中总磷（TP）、水溶性总磷（DTP）的去除效果显著高于无植物对照;有植物处理系统TP的去除率为53.28%～84.07%,DTP的去除率为44.99%～88.81%;无植物对照TP的去除率为32.57%,DTP的去除率为37.51%。植物组织所累积的磷占各自系统去除量的21.54%～75.32%,植物的吸收作用是磷去除的主要途径。水稻功米1号的经济产量最高,为616.28 g.m-2,组织所累积的磷占系统去除量也是最大,为75.32%。在所有供试植物中,水稻功米1号对富营养化水体既有较好的净化效果,又能获得一定的经济产量,是最优的净化植物,同时也是最适宜在水体中生长的水稻品种。

A Research on Phosphorus Removal in Float System with Different Aquatic Plants from Eutrophic Water of Into-Lake River for Dianchi Lake

Using aquatic plants to purify eutrophic water bodies is a biological improvement method which is attracting increasing attention.In this study,five varieties of Oryzae,Ipomoea aquatic,Zizania aquatic and Alternanthera philoxeroides were cultivated in eutrophic water with a solution culture in an attempt to find suitable plant varieties for water purification.The phosphorus content of plant tissue and the bio-logical traits of plants were analysed to study the effect of phosphorus removal.The results showed that all plants grew well in eutrophic water without the addition of further nutrients.The aquatic plants removed both total phosphorus（TP）and total dissolved phosphorus（DTP）.The treatments with aquatic plants removed 53.28%~84.07% of TP and 44.99%~88.81% of DTP.Treatments without aquatic plants had TP and DTP removal of 32.57% and 37.51%,respectively.Thus,bioaccumulation of phosphorus by the plants accounted for 21.54%~75.32% of total phosphorus removal,suggested that biological uptake was the main removal mechanism of phosphorus.The highest economic yield（616.28 g.m-2）was obtained with rice variety Function No.1,whose uptake accounted for 75.32% of TP removal of the system.The behaviour of Function 1 indicated a potentially positive multifunctional use（i.e.both purification of eutrophic water and high economic yield）.