施钾对棉花部分生理指标的影响

目的]为了更好地利用钾肥,并为提高棉花产量和改善棉花纤维品质提供理论依据。方法]于2004年以新陆早13号品种为试材,在灰漠土上进行施钾(N300P150K150)和不施钾对照(N300P150K0)的大田试验,研究施钾对棉花上下叶片全钾和全氮含量、功能叶片SPAD值、棉花产量等的影响。结果]施钾处理在棉花播种20、40和60 d后均提高了棉花叶片中全钾的含量,对棉花下位叶在3个时期分别提高了0.14%、0.32%和0.11%;在播种40和60 d时,施钾处理中棉花叶片的全氮含量下降;施钾处理比对照处理的SPAD值略高;施钾较对照明显提高棉花产量,降低棉花单铃重、籽指以及单铃皮棉重。结论]施钾处理可以促进棉花生长,提高成熟期叶片、茎杆和蕾中钾素含量,同时各器官中氮素含量也明显提高。

Effect of Potassium Fertilization on Some Physiological Indexes of Cotton Growth

Objective] The purpose was to utilize potassium fertilizer better and supply theoretical basis for enhancing cotton yield and improving fiber quality of cotton.Method] With variety Xinluzao 13 as test material,the field experiment with potassium fertilizer(N300P150K150) and without potassium fertilizer(N300P150K0)(CK) was conducted in grey desert soil and the effects of using potassium fertilizer on total potassium and nitrogen contents in upper and lower leaves,SPAD of function leaves and cotton yield were studied.Result] The treatment of potassium fertilization increased total potassium content in cotton leaves in the 20th,40th and 60th d after sowing and that in lower leaves increased 0.14%,0.32 % and 0.11 % respectively in the three periods.The total nitrogen content in cotton leaves in treatment of potassium fertilization reduced in the 40th and 60th d after sowing.Compared with CK,the potassium fertilization increased the SPAD value,enhanced the cotton yield,and reduced the cotton single bell weight,seed index and lint weight of single bell.Conclusion] The potassium fertilization could promote the growth of cotton,increase potassium content in maturing leaves,stems and buds and the nitrogen content in each organ also increased obviously.