Diofenolan: a novel insect growth regulator in common citrus butterfly, Papilio demoleus

Penultimate and last instar larvae of the common citrus swallowtail butterfly, Papilio demoleus L. (Papilionidae: Lepidoptera), were treated with different doses of a novel juvenoid, diofenolan. Several deformities were observed as a result of topical administration of diofenolan which include delay in larval–larval and larval–pupal ecdysis, ecdysial failure, mortality, severe reduction in pupation, deformed pupae and complete inhibition of adult emergence. The juvenoid diofenolan severely hampers the normal growth, development and metamorphosis of P. demoleus and can be incorporated into integrated pest management programs for successful control of this important pest of citrus all over the world.