2011年保定动植物物候观测年报

物候是自然界动植物受气候等环境因素影响而出现的季节性现象,反映着动植物在年际气候变化中与环境相互作用的关系。物候观测研究能够帮助人们认识自然季节现象变化的规律,以服务于农业生产和科学研究1]。为此,笔者于2011年在河北省保定市南郊区观测点,选取了107种常见代表性植物、9种动物、20项气象水文现象共计136项,按照《中国物候观测方法》进行观测,将观测记录分类整理列表,并进行简要分析和评述。分析结果显示,与常年平均值相比,2011年植物物候主要呈现出两个特点:秋季的起始提早而结束推迟;春季旱情比往年严重。其中,2011年的秋季长达68d(常年平均值为50d),是秋季最长的1年。大多数木本植物叶变色开始期和开始落叶期显著提早,完全变色期和落叶末期明显推迟。究其原因,是保定市8-9月气温比常年偏低1℃左右,且11月气温比常年平均偏高1.9℃甚至2℃,造成了秋季的延长。另外,由于2011年1-3月气温偏高,降水量较常年同期异常偏少,造成了严重的春旱。

2011 annual report of phenological observations of animals and plants of Baoding

Phenology is a natural seasonal phenomenon of animals and plants caused by the climate and other environmental factors,which reflects the relationship between animals,plants and environment interactions in the inter-annual climate change and environment interactions.Phenological observation and research can help raise the awareness of the law of natural seasonal phenomenon changes,and serve for the agricultural production and scientific research.For this,107 species of representative plants,nine species of animals,20 meteorological and hydrological phenomena were observed in the southern suburb observation points in Baoding,Hebei Province in 2011 by using the Phenological Observation Method of China,and the observation records were sorted out,with a brief analysis and comment.The analysis showed that compared with the normal value of accumulated years,the plant phenology in 2011 was mainly characterized by two features： the autumn starts earlier and ends later,which was the longest up to 68 days（annual average of 50 days）,and spring drought was more severe than that in the past years.Additionally,most woody plants started the leaf discoloration and deciduousness earlier significantly,with full discoloration period and end deciduous period delayed obviously owing to the lower temperature about 1℃ on the average in August-September and higher temperature of 1.9℃～2℃ in November than the normal year.Moreover,because of abnormally higher temperature and less precipitation from January to March in 2011 there emerged a severe spring drought.