南方秋玉米氮磷钾肥效试验及配方施肥技术参数探讨

为了提出南方赤红壤秋植玉米在不同目标产量下的施肥量建议,在采用"3414"部分实施方案的氮磷钾肥效试验中设无肥区、无氮区、无磷区、无钾区和全肥区5个处理。全肥区产量(6 653.10 kg/hm2)与无磷区产量(6 042.00 kg/hm2)差异不显著;两者与无钾区产量(5 472.60 kg/hm2)差异显著;无肥区产量(2 034.75 kg/hm2)与无氮区(1 458.45 kg/hm2)的差异也不显著,但与其他处理间产量差异极显著。氮、磷、钾的相对产量分别为21.92%9、0.81%和82.28%。试验土壤的氮、磷、钾供应量分别为37.50、51.90和117.15 kg/hm2。秋玉米对尿素、钙镁磷肥、氯化钾的利用率分别为38.70%、4.87%和9.36%。施肥应以土壤肥力状况为基础,以作物生长发育规律和需肥特性为中心,通过土壤测试、配方设计和肥料合理施用,达到增加效益的目的。

Discussion on Nitrogen (N)-Phosphorus (P)-Potassium (K) Fertilizer Efficiency Experiment and Formula Fertilizing Technical Parameter of Southrn Autumn Maize

The aim of the study was to put forward the fertilization dosage for autumn maize in southern red soil under different objective yields.In N-P-K fertilizer efficiency experiment with part implementing plan of "3414",5 treatments of non-fertilizer plot(CK),non-nitrogen plot(applying P and K fertilizer),non-phosphorus plot(applying N and K fertilizer),non-potassium plot(applying N and P fertilizer) and entire fertilizer plot(applying N,P and K fertilizer)were set up.The difference between the yield of entire fertilizer plot(6 653.10 kg/hm2) and the yield of non-phosphorus plot(6 042.00 kg/hm2) was not significant and between the yield of former two plots and non-potassium plot(5 472.60 kg/hm2) was significant.The yield difference between non-fertilizer plot(2 034.75 kg/hm2) and non-nitrogen plot(1 458.45 kg/hm2)was not significant,but between former two plots and other plots were very significant.The relative yields of N,P and K were 21.92%,90.81% and 82.28% respectively and N,P and K supply of tested soil were 31.50,51.90 and 117.15 kg/hm2 respectively.The utilization rates of autumn maize to urea,calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium chloride were 38.70%,4.87% and 9.36% respectively.In the fertilization,the soil fertility condition should be took as base,the growth and development law of crops and their fertilizer-needing characters should be made as center and the aim of increasing benefit through soil test,formula design and reasonable fertilization would be achieved.