广东省149个油茶品种（系）对炭疽病的抗性及其病原菌鉴定

为明确广东省油茶品种（系）对炭疽病的抗性及引起油茶炭疽病的病原菌种类，对广东省肇庆市、广州市和韶关市的149个油茶品种（系）进行田间抗性调查，从发病组织中分离纯化致病菌，观察菌株形态学特征，并结合3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶（glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase，GAPDH）基因扩增序列进行分子生物学鉴定。结果显示，有93.29%的油茶品种（系）发生炭疽病，3个调查地油茶炭疽病的平均发病率为18.86%~24.25%，较抗病的油茶品种（系）占调查总数的53.02%，感病油茶品种（系）占调查总数的46.98%。其中，海南3号、长林400号和湘林89号等10个品种（系）表现为近免疫，揭阳5号、桂14号和湘林350号等16个品种（系）表现为高抗，赣5190号、湘林27号和岑软11号等53个品种（系）表现为中抗，赣兴46号、赣州S4号和赣州R10号等36个品种（系）表现为中感，岑软11-3000号、长林53号和湘林67号等34个品种（系）表现为高感，其中岑软11-19号发病率高达65.00%。共分离获得油茶炭疽病致病菌25株，结合形态学特征和基于GAPDH序列的系统发育树分析，将其中24株鉴定为果生炭疽菌Colletotrichum fructicola，1株鉴定为为暹罗炭疽菌C. siamense。筛选的油茶抗病品种（系）可作为广东省油茶良种选育材料，且该省油茶炭疽病主要由果生炭疽菌引起。

Anthracnose resistance of 149 Camellia oleifera varieties (lines) and their causal pathogens in Guangdong Province

To screen the resistant varieties (lines) of Camellia oleifera to anthracnose and to identify the pathogen of anthracnose in Guangdong Province, 149 varieties (lines) of C. oleifera in Zhaoqing, Guangzhou and Shaoguan cities were investigated in the field, and the causal pathogens were isolated from diseased tissues and identified based on morphological characteristics and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) sequences analysis. The results showed that 93.29% of C. oleifera varieties (lines) had anthracnose. The average incidence in the three surveyed areas ranged from 18.86% to 24.25%. The highly resistant varieties (lines) of C. oleifera accounted for 53.02% of total varieties, while the susceptible varieties (lines) accounted for 46.98%. Among them, ten varieties (lines) such as Hainan No. 3, Changlin No. 400 and Xianglin No. 89 showed near-immune, 16 varieties (lines) such as Jieyang No. 5, Gui No. 14 and Xianglin No. 350 showed highly resistant, and 53 varieties (lines) such as Gan No. 5190, Xianglin No. 27 and Cenruan No. 11 were moderately resistant, 36 varieties (lines) such as Ganxing No. 46, Ganzhou No. S4 and Ganzhou No. R10 were moderately susceptible, and 34 varieties (lines) such as Cenruan No. 11-3000, Changlin No. 53 and Xianglin No. 67 were highly susceptible. Among them, Cenruan No. 11-19 was most susceptible and had an anthracnose incidence up to 65.00%. A total of 25 strains were isolated from diseased plants of C. oleifera. Of them, 24 strains were identified as Colletotrichum fructicola, and one strain as C. siamense. The results indicated that the anthracnose of C. oleifera in Guangdong Province were mainly caused by C. fructicola. The resistant varieties (lines) of C. oleifera initially screened in this study can be used as materials for the breeding in Guangdong Province.