北亚脉扁蜂形态特征和生物学特性

为明确李树上新纪录害虫北亚脉扁蜂Neurotoma sibirica的生物学特性，通过田间调查和室内饲养观察，记述该虫的形态特征、生活史及生物学特性。结果表明，北亚脉扁蜂在吉林省吉林市1年发生1代，以老熟幼虫在树下5~15 cm深的土层中做土室越冬。每年4月中旬幼虫开始化蛹，5月上旬成虫羽化出土，5月中旬为成虫盛期，成虫产卵从5月上旬持续到5月下旬，单雌产卵量为13~43粒，卵期5~9 d。6月上旬为北亚脉扁蜂幼虫为害盛期，幼虫为6龄或7龄，幼虫期14~21 d，6月中、下旬老熟幼虫陆续入土越冬。北亚脉扁蜂幼虫在李、紫叶李、杏、榆叶梅4种寄主上均可完成发育，在自然条件下李树受害率可达100%，紫叶李树受害率为40%，杏树受害率为20%。北亚脉扁蜂天敌有龟纹瓢虫Propylea japonica、异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis、斯马蜂Polistes snelleni、日本弓背蚁Camponotus japonicus、2种姬蜂及1种病原菌。

Morphological and biological characteristics of Neurotoma sibirica (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae)

To clarify the biological characteristics of a new pest on the plum tree, Neurotoma sibirica, the morphological characteristics, life cycle and biological characteristics of N. sibirica were observed in the field and laboratory. The results showed that one generation of N. sibirica occurred in a year in Jilin City, Jilin Province. Mature larvae overwintered underground at a depth of five to 15 cm by making chambers next to host plants. Larvae began to pupate in mid-April. The adults emerged in early May,mainly in mid-May. The egg stage was five to nine days, lasting from early May to late May. The average fecundity of adult was 13 to 43 eggs laid per female. Larvae had six to seven instars before pupation, and the duration of larvae was 14 to 21 days. The mature larvae emerged from the leaves and dropped to the ground from mid-June to late June. The larvae completed development on four defined host plants, i.e., plum, purple leaf plum, apricot and elm plum. Under natural conditions, the infestation percentage of plum, purple leaf plum and apricot was 100%, 40% and 20%, respectively. The main natural enemies for N. sibirica included Propylea japonica, Harmonia axyridis, Polistes snelleni, Camponotus japonicus, two species of ichneumons and a species of pathogen.