不同生态区夏玉米两类熟期品种子粒灌浆动态和产量分析

在豫北高产灌溉区、豫中补灌区和豫南雨养区3个不同生态类型区域20个试验点,试验选用中熟郑单958和中晚熟豫单998两个品种,系统观察和测定花后气候资源分布和子粒灌浆过程以及产量空间变化。结果表明,两种类型的品种一般在花后40～60d成熟,灌浆速率中熟品种郑单958比中晚熟品种豫单998均值高,花后30～40d豫单998有一个较明显的灌浆高峰期。子粒灌浆曲线在不同生态区表现不同,北部和西部呈线性变化,东部、中部和东南部呈曲线变化。中熟品种郑单958的出籽率和经济系数高于豫单998。在豫西和豫北区域,选用中熟品种较为适宜,而中部、豫东和豫东南区域选用中晚熟品种较为适宜。为充分利用花后气候资源,选用较长灌浆期、较强灌浆速率和较高经济系数的特征品种是各生态类型区域鉴定和选用适合品种的重要依据。

Dynamic Process of Grain-filling and Yield Factors Analysis of Late-matured and Middle-matured Varieties of Summer Maize after Flowering

Twenty ecological experimental sites over different regions were selected to conduct this experiment at the same experimental design by means of two types of middle-matured and late-matured summer maize,Zhengdan958 and Yudan998 for systematically observing meteorological factors distribution and measuring the process of grain-filling and yield in 2007 and 2008.The results showed that the period of grain-filling was lasting about 40 - 60 days after flowering on the base of two cultivars.Average speed of grain-filling of Zhengdan958 was higher than that of Yudan998 from two years through all experimental sites.However,it existed a significant fast-increasing course at grain-filling stage in Yudan998 as compared with Zhengdan958 at 30 to 40 days or so after flowering.The curve of grain-filling was differently displayed at experimental ecological regions,such as linearity at the northern and western parts,and 'S' shaped-curve at eastern and middle and southeastern parts in Henan province.Percentage of grain yield per ear and harvest indices were remarkable difference between two cultivars.From the standpoint of study,middle-matured and late-matured cultivars were suitable for planting at the northern and western parts,eastern and middle and southeastern parts in Henan province,respectively.Longer grain-filling period and more intensive velocity of grain-filling and higher harvest index were three key characteristic parameters for appraising and making use of varieties all over the different ecological regions.