薄壳山核桃不同无性系开花物候特性观测和比较

对薄壳山核桃32个无性系的雌、雄花开花物候期和花量进行了观测和比较。结果表明:2011——2014年薄壳山核桃无性系开花物候期有所差异,但开花物候类型一致。2013年,供试的32个薄壳山核桃无性系整个花期持续时间为4月24日——5月21日。雄花花期持续时间为11 18 d,雌花花期持续时间为9 17 d;雌花最佳授粉期与雄花散粉盛期持续天数均为3 8 d。依据雌花与雄花开放的先后次序可以确定其中的16个无性系为雌先型,10个无性系为雄先型,6个无性系为同时型;并根据观测结果确定了其中86个可行的授粉组合。最佳的授粉配置方案为:将1号、5号、27号、29号、35号无性系作为马汉、28号、65号无性系的授粉配置无性系。32个薄壳山核桃无性系之间,雄花序长度无显著性差异,单枝雄花簇数、单个雄花序花粉囊数、单株雄花序总数、单枝雌花数、每簇雄花序数、单株雌花总数的差异均达到显著水平,总体变异幅度最大的是单株雄花序总数(变异系数为75.51%)。

Observation and Comparison of Flowering Phenology of Different Carya illinoensis Clones

Flowering phenology of thirty-two Carya illinoensis clones was observed and compared. The results showed that there exited some differences in flowering phonological phase from 2011 to 2014 and the duration of blossom process of all the thirty-two clones was from April 24 to May 21 in 2013. The lasting days of male flower of the thirty-two clones were 11-18 days and the whole flowering period of female flower were 9-17 days in 2013. The duration of receptivity stage of female flower and pollen shedding stage of male flower of thirty-two clones were all 3-8 days. According to the time order of blossom of male and female flowers, sixteen clones could be determined as protogynous type, ten clones were protandrous type and six clones the homogamic type. Eighty-six feasible pollination combinations could be selected according to the observation results. The best configuration scheme of clones was proposed. No significant difference was found in the length of male inflorescence among the thirty-two clones, but the differences among the clusters of male flower in a single branch, the number of pollen sac in a single male inflorescence, the total number of male inflorescence per plant, numbers of female flower per branch, numbers of male inflorescence per cluster and numbers of female flower per plant reached a significant level. The range of whole variation in the total number of male inflorescence per plant was the biggest, the coefficient of variation was 75.51%.