非致病性尖孢镰刀菌FJAT-9290的定殖特性及对番茄枯萎病的防治效果

为评价非致病性尖孢镰刀菌FJAT-9290对不同植物的致病性和定殖能力,利用该菌株所含的无毒基因SIX1特异性检测引物P12-R1/P12-F2跟踪其在不同植物中的侵入与定殖情况,并研究其对番茄植株生长特性的影响及对番茄枯萎病的防治效果。结果显示,接种120 d内,菌株FJAT-9290对所供试的11种植物均未造成危害,但在侵入时间与定殖方面存在差异。该菌株最易侵入番茄植株,接种第5天即可在茎基部检测到;其次为甜椒、甜瓜、西瓜和香蕉等植株,接种10 d时可在茎基部检测到;但在韭菜、香葱和马唐草上均未检测到。该菌株在番茄与茄子植株的定殖时间最长,达90 d;其次为甜椒、香蕉和粉蕉,至少60 d;在甜瓜、西瓜和黄瓜上为40~50 d。该菌株能促进番茄植株生长,显著提高其株高和叶片数量,对番茄枯萎病的盆栽与田间防治效果分别达76.70%和69.56%。表明菌株FJAT-9290具有良好的定殖能力且对番茄枯萎病具有较好的防治效果。

Colonization of non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum FJAT-9290 and its efficiency against tomato Fusarium wilt

In order to evaluate the pathogenicity and colonization ability of non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum FJAT-9290 on different plants, the invasion and colonization of FJAT-9290 were monitored via detecting the avirulence gene SIX1 by PCR amplification using the specific primers P12-F2 and P12-R1. Moreover, the effect of FJAT-9290 on tomato growth and its biocontrol efficiency against tomato Fusarium wilt were also comprehensively analyzed. The results demonstrated that all 11 kinds of plants grew normally without wilt symptoms after 120 days when root irrigation bioassay with FJAT-9290 inoculations were tested, and that invasion time and colonization ability of the FJAT-9290 strain on different plants displayed significant difference. Invasion of the non-pathogenic FJAT-9290 strain on tomato was faster than on sweet pepper, banana, melon and watermelon, and the FJAT-9290 strain could be detected in the former's base-stem on the 5th day and in the latter's base-stem on the 10th day after inoculation. However, the FJAT-9290 strain could not invade chive, scallion and crabgrass. Among the invaded plants, the FJAT-9290 strain was found to have the longest colonization time of 90 days on tomato and eggplant, compared with that of 60 days on sweet pepper and banana as well as that of 40-50 days on cucumber, melon and watermelon. The FJAT-9290 stain showed control potential against tomato Fusarium wilt with a control efficiency of 76.70% in the potted experiment and 69.56% in the field. Additionally, the FJAT-9290 strain was also found to remarkably promote tomato plant growth by increasing plant height and leaf number. In conclusion, the non-pathogenic FJAT-9290 strain possesses excellent colonization ability on the different plants and control potential against tomato Fusarium wilt.