基于危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)原理构建区域农产品质量安全监控体系——以稻谷为例

中国农产品产地环境开放，生产行为不受控。因此，必需建立一套符合中国国情的区域农产品质量安全监管模式。以稻谷为例，运用危害分析及关键控制点(HACCP)原理分析了在其生产过程中潜在的危害因子。确定了产地环境、田间管理、产地准出及市场准入等环节是维系稻谷质量安全的关键控制点，提出构建由乡镇农产品质量安全监管站、县农产品质量安全监测站、地/市农产品质量安全监测中心和省农产品质量安全监测/评估/预警中心组成的四级监控体系及相应的纠偏程序与验证程序。通过对风险因子持续的监查、监测、评估、预警等，实现对区域农产品质量安全风险危害的有效管控。

Construction of Regional Quality and Safety Monitoring System of Agro-Products Based on Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) Principles: A Case Study of Rice

Because of the opening- up production environment and uncontrolled production behavior in the production process of agro-products, China must build a regional agro-products quality and safety supervision mode suitable for China’ s national conditions to improve the capability of the government’ s monitoring of the quality and safety of agro-products. In this paper, the HACCP principles were applied to a case study of rice production process to identify critical points of controlling the potential risk factors which includes biological factors, chemical factors and physical factors. The results showed that field selection, field management, exit from the production place, entrance to the market and so on were critical control points for ensuring the quality and safety of rice. According to the critical control points, the corresponding monitoring system, rectification program and verification program were proposed. The proposed monitoring system possessed four levels: township agro- products quality and safety supervision station, county agro- products quality and safety supervision/testing station, prefecture/city agro- products quality and safety supervision/testing center and provincial agro-products quality and safety testing/evaluation/early-warning center. The four levels formed a monitoring system with provincial centers as the pillar, prefecture/city and county centers as the mainstay, township stations as the foundation. In conclusion, through the continuous and dynamic supervision, testing, evaluation and early warning of the quality and safety risk factors of agro-products, the regional agro-products quality and safety risk hazard could be effectively controlled in the acceptable range.