关于转移承包土地社保功能、创新土地流转机制的研究

在农民社会保障制度尚不健全的现实下,农村土地承包经营权事实上承担着承包户的社保功能,承包户对社会保障的顾虑是影响农村土地流转的关键因素。破解农村土地流转不畅的瓶颈,应当在农村土地所有权、经营权和承包权三权分置,坚持农村土地集体所有权,稳定农户承包权,放活土地经营权,引导土地经营权有序流转的基础上,通过组建农村地产银行,把土地经营权折价入股银行,使农村土地承包经营权社保功能的实物形态转换成货币形态,股份保本分红,收益与农民的其他社保收入一并划入承包户的社保专门账户,从而改变承包户依靠土地养老和养家的模式。同时,还应进一步完善土地、金融、社保等相关政策法规,为实现土地承包经营权社保功能转移提供明确的法律依据,促进农村土地承包经营权的长期健康有序流转。

Study on Transferring of Social Security Function of Contract Land and Innovation of Land Circulation Mechanism

Rural land contractual management right takes the social security function of contractors actually under the reality of inadequate social safety nets of farmers. Contractors worrying about social security is the key factor of rural land circulation. Breaking the bottleneck of rural land circulation should form rural land bank, turn land contractual management right into shares, put the yields of the break even and dividends and other social security income of farmers into a special social security account of contractors, transform the physical form of social security function of rural land contractual management right into currency, under the fundation of the separation of ownership, management right, and contract right, insistencing on collective ownership of land in the countryside, stabilising contract right of farmers, liberalising land management right, guiding the orderly transfer of land management right. In this way, we can change the mode of relying on the endowment of land and relying on the land to support the family. We should also improve the relevant laws and regulations including land, finance, social security etc. further to provide a clear legal basis for the realization of the transfer of the social security function of land contractual management right, and to promote the long-term healthy and orderly circulation of rural land contractual management right.