利用胡瓜新小绥螨携带玫烟色拟青霉菌兼防茄子蚜虫和叶螨

利用胡瓜新小绥螨携带玫烟色拟青霉菌兼防蚜虫和叶螨是一种新的生物防治思路，为了证实其可行性，笔者对所得玫烟色拟青霉菌的孢子萌发条件及毒性等进行研究。通过小容器空气湿度调节法测定分生孢子最适萌发温、湿度；并在适宜条件下，测定1×10⁴~1×10⁸孢子/mL浓度的分生孢子悬浮液对蚜虫和胡瓜新小绥螨的毒力；试验设置：（1）空白对照；（2）释放50头胡瓜新小绥螨；（3）喷洒20mL10⁷孢子/mL孢子悬浮液；（4）喷洒20mL10⁷孢子/mL孢子悬浮液后释放50头胡瓜新小绥螨；（5）释放20头沾满分生孢子粉的胡瓜新小绥螨；（6）释放50头沾满分生孢子粉的胡瓜新小绥螨，共6种处理，进行盆栽试验。结果表明玫烟色拟青霉菌该菌株分生孢子最适萌发温、湿度为25~30℃、95%~100%RH，在此条件下，第10天时，1×10⁸孢子/mL浓度下，蚜虫和胡瓜新小绥螨的累积校正死亡率分别为86.52%和41.78%，该菌株相同浓度的孢子悬浮液对蚜虫的毒力远大于对胡瓜新小绥螨的毒力，符合作为利用胡瓜新小绥螨携带，用以防治蚜虫的虫生菌的条件。通过盆栽试验，3、4、6处理的效果最好，第8天蚜虫数量几乎降为0，而且相对而言，捕食螨带菌最省工、省料，还可以兼防叶螨。所以，适宜温、湿度条件下，利用捕食螨带菌同时防治蚜虫和红蜘蛛是可行的方法。

Effect of Neoseiulus cucumeiris Carry Paecilomyces fumosoroseus on the Prevention of Aphids and Spider Mites in Eggplant

Using Neoseiulus cucumeris carry Paecilomyces fumosoroseus is a new idea of biological control of aphids and spider mites in eggplant, in order to verify its feasibility, the germination condition and toxicity of P. fumosoroseus were studied. The optimum germination temperature and humidity were tested by the method of small container air humidity control, and the toxicity to aphids and spider mites with 1×10⁴-1×10⁸ spore/mL was also tested under optimum conditions. The pot experiment had 6 treatments: (1) CK; (2) released 50 N. cucumeris; (3) sprayed 20 mL spore suspension liquid of 10⁷ spore/mL; (4) sprayed 20 mL spore suspension liquid of 10⁷ spore/mL then released 50 N. cucumeris; (5) released 20 N. cucumeris with conidia powder; (6) released 50 N. cucumeris with conidia powder. The results showed that the optimum germination condition of P. fumosoroseus conidia was 25-30℃ and RH 95%-100%, the accumulated revised mortality of aphids and predatory mites was 86.52% and 41.78%, respectively, under this condition and spore suspension liquid of 10⁸ spore/mL in ten days, the toxicity on aphids was far more than that on predatory mites, which met the condition of a kind of carrier to prevent aphids. From the pot experiment, the number of aphids of treatment (3), (4) and (6) was close to 0 at the 8th day, and the method could also save labor and time. The study proved that using Neoseiulus cucumeiris carry Paecilomyces fumosoroseus to prevent aphids and spider mites in eggplant was a feasible method.