大樱桃大棚小气候特征分析及预报

为了研究大樱桃种植大棚内的小气候变化规律，为更好地开展大樱桃特色农业气象服务，笔者于2012—2014年在山东省临朐县开展了大樱桃大棚小气候观测试验，通过与外界气象条件对比，分析了大棚内小气候特征，并建立了大棚内小气候预报方程。结果表明，在观测期内，大棚内日平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、相对湿度均较棚外高；大棚内气温的最高值、相对湿度的最小值均出现在午后时段，大棚内最低气温和最大相对湿度一般都出现在早晨；晴天时，棚内气温、相对湿度的日较差最大，阴天时最小。大棚内小气候与大棚外当天及前一天的诸多气象因子相关关系显著。对大棚内小气候预报方程进行了检验，温度预报误差大部分在2℃以内，最小相对湿度预报误差大部分在10%以内，预报效果较好。

Characteristics Analysis and Forecast of Microclimate in Greenhouse Planted Sweet Cherry

The paper aims to study the variation of microclimate in the greenhouse where sweet cherry were planted, and provide agro- meteorology service for sweet cherry production. The observation trial of microclimate in fruit greenhouse was carried out in Linqu County of Shandong Province in 2012-2014. By contrast with the outside meteorological conditions, the characteristics of microclimate in fruit greenhouse were analyzed, and the prediction equations of microclimate in fruit greenhouse were established. The results showed that: during the observation period, daily average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and relative humidity in the fruit greenhouse were all higher than that of the outside. The highest value of air temperature and the minimum value of relative humidity in the greenhouse appeared in the afternoon, while the minimum air temperature and maximum relative humidity in the greenhouse generally appeared in the morning. The daily ranges of air temperature and relative humidity in the greenhouse were maxima on sunny days, and they were minima in overcast days. The microclimate in the greenhouse was significantly related to many meteorological factors of the outside on the day and the day before. The prediction equations of microclimate in fruit greenhouse were tested. The temperature prediction error was within 2℃, and the minimum relative humidity forecast error was less than 10%. The prediction effect was comparatively well.